高中英语常用前后缀

一、前缀

a- 1. 无、不、非：amoral (非道德性的)

2. 意为in, on, at, by, with, to：asleep (在熟睡中) 3. 加强意义：aloud 大声的

ac- 有at, to 之意或表示加强意义：accompany (陪伴) ad- 有at, to之意或表示加强意义：adventure (冒险) an-加强或引申意义：announce (宣布) ante- 前、先：anteroom (前室，接待室) anti- 反对、相反；防止：antiwar (反战的)

auto- 自己、自动：autobiography (自传) automatic autonomous be-1. 使 ……；使成为 ……：befool 欺骗，愚弄； 2. 加强 ……，饰以 ……，用 ……（做某事）：becloud 遮暗，遮蔽； 3. 在：beside (在 …… 旁边)

4. 加强或引申意义：befall (降临；发生) bene- 善、好：benefit (恩惠，利益) bi- 两、二：bicolor (两色的)bicycle by- 旁、侧；(非正式) 副：byroad 小路

circum- 周围、环绕：circumplanetary环绕行星的 co- 共同：coaction 共同行动 col- 共同：colleague (同事)

com-1.共同：combine 联合；结合。

2.加强或引申意义：commix混合 con-1. 共同：concolorous同色的；

2.加强或引申意义：conclude 结束，终结 contra- 反对、相反：contraposition 对照；针对 cor-1.共同；互相：correlation 相互关系；

2.加强或引申意义：correct 纠正

counter- 反对、相反：contramarch (反方向行进) de-1.否定、非、相反：denationalize (非国有化) 2.除去、取消、毁：desalt (除去盐分)deflower 3.离开：detrain 下火车；

4.向下、降低、少：depress (压低、压下) 5.加强意义：design (计划、设计) deca- 十：decameter (10米)

deci- 十分之一：decimeter (十分之一米，1分米) demi- 半：demigod 半神半人 di- 二、双：disyllable 双音节

dia- 贯通、对穿、透过、二者之间：dialogue (对话) di(s)-1.不、无；相反：dislike (不喜欢)

2.取消、除去、毁：discolor (使退色)disability disabled disadvantage disagreedisagreement disappeardisappointdisappointed discount discourage discover discovery

3.加强意义：disport (分开、裂开) 4.分开、离散：divorce (离婚)

em-1.置于……之内，上……：embus(装入车中、上车)

2.用……做某事；饰以……；配以……：embank (筑提防护)

3.使成某种状态；致使……，使之如……；做成：embrown 着褐色

en-1.用……做某事；饰以……；配以……：encloud(阴云遮蔽) encourage(ment) enjoy(able) 2.使成某种状态；致使……，使之如……；做成：enlarge (使扩大、放大) 3. 加在动词之前，表示in或只做加强意义：enclose (围入、关进) ex- 1. 出、外、由……中弄出：export (出口)

2.前任的、以前的：ex-soldier (退伍军人) extra- 以外、超过：extraordinary (格外的)

fore- 前、先、预先：foretell (预言) forecast forehead foresee hector- 百：hectometer (100米) hemi- 半：hemisphere (半球)

il-（在l之前）不、无、非：illogical (不合逻辑的) illegal im-（用在b,m,p之前）1. 不、无、非：impossible (不可能的)

2.向内、入：import (输入、入口) immigration impress impression 3. 使成……：饰以……；加以……：impulse (冲动)

in-1.不；无；非：informal (非正式的) independent

2.内，入：inside (内部、里面) income 3.使……；作……：inspirit (使振作精神)

inter-1.在……之间；……际：international (国际的)

2.互相：interview (会见)

intra- 在内、内部：intraday (一天之内的) intro- 向内、入内：introduce (引入、介绍) ir-（用在r之前）不、无：irregular (不规则的) kilo- 千：kilometer (千米、公里) kilogram macro- 大、宏、长：macro-world (宏观世界)

micro- 微：micro-world (微观世界) microscope microwave

milli-（也作mille-或mill-）1.千分之一、毫：millimeter (毫米、千分之一米

2.千：millennial (1000年的)

mini- 小：miniskirt (超短裙、迷你裙) minibus minimum

mis- 误、错、恶、不：misunderstand (误解) mistake mistaken multi- 多：multiparty (多党的) multiply non-1.不：nonsmoker (不抽烟的人)

2.非：non-natural (非天然的) 3.无：nonparty (无党派的)

out-1.胜过、超过：outdo (胜过、战胜)

2.过度、太、甚：outsit(坐得太久)

3.外、出：outdoor (户外的) outdoors outcome outside output outwards 4.除去：outgas (除去气体)

over-1.过度，太、甚：overstudy(用功过度) overweight

2.在上、在外、从上、超过：overcoat (外套、外衣) overhead overlook 3.颠倒、反转：overturn (倾倒、) overcome pan- 全、泛：Pan-American (全美洲的、泛美的)

post- 后：postwar (战后的) postgraduate (研究生，大学毕业后的) pre-1.前：prewar (战前的) previous

2.预先：pre-examination (预试) predict preview re-1.回、向后：return (回来，返回) regress (倒退，退步)

2.再、重复、重新：rebuild (重建，再建) refresh retell review revision 3.相反、反对：reaction (反动；反应) react se- 离开、分开：select (精选) semi- 半：semicircle (半圆) Sino- 中国（的）：Sino-American (中美的) Sino-Tibetan (汉藏语系) step- 后、继：stepmother (后母，继母) stepbrother (异父或异母兄弟) sub- 1.下：subway (地下铁道) subscribe

2.次、亚、准：subtropics (亚热带) 3.稍、略、微：sub-acid (略酸的)

4.副；分支；下级：subhead (副标题) subtitle 5.接近：sub-teen (接近13岁的小孩) 6.更进一层，再：subdivide (再分，细分)

7.用于化学名词表示化合物成分少的：sub-oxide (低氧化物)

super- 1.超、超级：super-speed (超高速的) supermarket (超级市场) superior superb

2.上：superstructure (上层建筑) 3.过度、过多：superheat (过热)

sym- （用在p,b,m前）共同、相同：sympathy (同情) symphony syn- 共同、相同：synonym (同义词) syn-tony (共振、谐振) tele- 远: telescope (望远镜) telephone television trans- 1.越过、横过、超：transnational (超越国界的)

2. 转移、变换：translate (翻译) transplant (移植) transform transport

tri- 三：triangle (三角形) tri-cat (三轮汽车)

twi-二、两：twi-fold (两部，双重) twi-forked (两叉状的) twice twin

un-1.不：unhappy (不快乐的) unable unbearable unbelievable uncertain uncomfortable unconditional unconscious unfair unfit unfortunate unlike unrest unusual unwilling

2.无：unmanned (无人驾驶的) 3.非：unjust (非正义的)

4.未：unfinished (未完成的) unemployment

5.相反动作、取消、除去：unlock (开锁) uncap(脱帽) uncover (揭开盖子) 6.由……中弄出：un-house (把……赶出屋) under- 1. 下：underground (地下的) underline

2.（用于衣服）内：underwear(总称)内衣 3. 不足、少：under-dress (穿衣太少) 4. 副、次：under-king (小王)

vice- 副：vice-president (副总统) vice-chairman (副)

with- 向后、相反：withdraw (撤回、撤退)

二、后缀 1. 名词后缀

(1) 从事某种职业或动作的人

1) -an, -ian表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”：American, historian, African, Tibetan, Asian, Christian, civilian, consultant, librarian, musician, pedestrian, physician, politician, servant

2)–al表示“具有 …… 职务的人”：principal, criminal, official,

3)-ant,-ent表示“……者”：merchant, agent, student, accountant, adolescent, agent, applicant, assistant, consultant, servant, president

4)–ar表示“…… 的人”：scholar, liar 5)-ard, -art表示“做 …… 的人”：coward 6)–arian表示“…… 派别的人、 ……主义的人”：humanitarian, vegetarian 7)–ary表示“从事 …… 的人”：secretary, missionary 8)–ate表示“具有 …… 职责的人”：candidate, graduate 9)–or表示“做 …… 的人”：

educator, speculator (投机者), actor, conductor, director, editor, operator, sailor, visitor 10)–crat表示“某种政体、主义的支持者”：democrat, bureaucrat 11)–ee表示“动作承受者”：employee, examinee 12)–eer表示“从事于…… 人”：engineer, volunteer, pioneer 13)–er表示“从事某种职业的人, 某地区、地方的人”：

banker, observer, Londoner, villager, driver, farmer, foreigner, hunter, interpreter, lawyer, leader, manager, officer, owner, painter, photographer, prayer, prisoner, reporter, ruler, settler, shaver, shopkeeper, smoker, speaker, taxpayer, teacher, traveller, user, villager, waiter, winner, writer, worker 14)–ese表示“ …… 国人，….. 地方的人”：Japanese, Cantonese 15)–ess表示“阴性人”：actress, hostess, ambassadress, headmistress, mistress, waitress, 16)–ian表示“…… 地方人，信仰 ……. 教的人，从事 …… 职业的人”：

Asian, Christian, physician(内科医生), musician, civilian, librarian, pedestrian, physician, politician, 17)–ian表示“精通者，……家”：electrician, magician, technician 18)–ist表示“…… 家、 ……. 者、…….能手、从事……研究者、信仰……主义者”：

artist, chemist, communist, cyclist, dentist, journalist, novelist, physicist,pianist, receptionist, scientist, socialist, specialist, tourist, typist, violinist 19)–ic表示“…… 者、…… 师”：mechanic, critic 20)–ie表示“爱、小”：dearie, auntie 21)-ine, -ina表示“阴性人称”：heroine, ballerina (女芭蕾舞者)

22)–logist表示“……学家、研究者”：biologist, geologist(地质学家) 23)–ster表示“做…….事情的人”：youngster, gamester(赌徒) (2). 构成抽象名词

1)–acy表示“性质、状态、境遇”：accuracy, diplomacy 2)–age表示“状态、行为、身份、结果”：carriage, storage, marriage, postage 3)–al a) 表示“动作、过程”：refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval, trial b) 表示具体的事物：manual, signal, editorial, journal, chemical, memorial, musical, terminal 4)-ance, -ence表示“性质、状况、行为、过程、总量、程度”：

absence, acquaintance, adolescence, allowance, appearance, assistance, coincidence, competence, consequence, convenience, defence, diligence,difference, distance, entrance, endurance, evidence, existence, guidance,importance, independence, insurance, intelligence, existence, obedience, offence, patience, performance, preference, reference, significance, silence, violence

5)-ancy, -ency表示“性质、状态、行为、过程”：frequency, urgency, efficiency, tendency, 6)–bility表示“动作、性质、状态”：possibility, feasibility 7)–craft表示“工艺、技巧”：woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft（治国策） 8)–cracy表示“统治、支配”：bureaucracy, democracy 9)–cy表示“性质、状态、职位、级别”：bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy 10)–dom表示“等级、领域、状态”：freedom, kingdom, wisdom 11)-ery, -ry表示“行为、状态、习性”：bravery, bribery, rivalry 12)–ety表示“性质、状态”：variety,

13)-faction, -facture表示“……化、作用”：satisfaction, manufacture 14)–hood表示“资格、身份、年纪、状态”：childhood, manhood, falsehood 15)–ice表示“行为、性质、状态”：notice, justice, service 16)–ine表示“带有抽象概念”：medicine, discipline, famine 17)–ing表示“动作的过程、结果”：building, writing, learning 18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition表示“行为的过程、结果、状况”：

action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction, explanation, 19)–ise表示“性质、状态”：exercise, merchandise(商业)

20)–ism表示“制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为”：socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism, 21)–(i)ty表示“性质、状态、程度”：purity, reality, ability, calamity, activity, anxiety, authority, electricity, equality, guilty, identity, majority, minority, nationality, possibility, responsibility,

safety, security, society,

22)–ment表示“行为、状态、过程、手段、结果”：treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument, achievement, advertisement, adjustment, agreement, amusement, appointment, arrangement, assessment, commitment, development, disagreement, encouragement, entertainment, equipment, government, pavement, requirement, settlement, statement, unemployment

23)–mony表示“动作的结果、状态”：ceremony, testimony 24)–ness表示“性质、状态、程度”：goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness, darkness, happiness, illness, sadness, sickness, weakness, 25)-or, -our表示“动作、性质、状态”：favor, error 26)–osity表示“动作、状态”：curiosity 27)–ship表示“情况、性质、技巧、技能、身份、职业”：

hardship, membership, friendship, ownership, relationship, scholarship 28)–th表示“动作、性质、过程、状态”：depth, wealth, truth, length, growth, strength, warmth, 29)–tude表示“性质、状态、程度”：latitude, altitude(海拔)

30)–ure表示“行为、结果”：exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)

31)–y表示“行为的结果、状态、性质”：glory, history, victory, inquiry, beauty, difficulty, (3) 带有场所，地方的含义

1)–age表示“住所、地点”：village, cottage 2)–ary表示“住所、场地”： library, granary (谷仓)

3)-ery, -ry表示“工作场所、饲养所等地点”： laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室) 4)–ory表示“工作场所、住处”： factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory (4) 带有学术、科技含义

1)–grapy表示“……学、写法”： biography, calligraphy, geography 2)-ic, -ics表示“……学、……法”：logic, mechanics, optics, electronics 3)–ology表示“……学、……论”：biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 4)–nomy表示“……学、……术”：astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 5)–ery表示“学科、技术”：chemistry, cookery, machinery 6)–y表示“……学、术、法”： photography, philosophy (5) 表示人和事物的总和、集合 1)–age: baggage, tonnage 2)–dom: newspaperdom(新闻界) 3)–hood:neighbourhood, womanhood 4)–ery: cavalry, ministry(内阁) 5)–ure: legislature, judicature (6) 表示物品、物质名称 1)-ant, -ent: solvent, constant 2)–al: signal, pictorial(画报) 3)-ar: collar, pillar(石柱)

4)–er: barrier, boiler, computer, washer, cooker, recorder, carrier, cleaner, container, cooker, drawer, eraser, laughter, poster, prayer, receiver, rubber, ruler, sharpener, shaver, sneaker, speaker, sweater, thriller, typewriter,zipper

5) –or: razor, refrigerator, 6)–ery: drapery(绸缎)

7)–ing: clothing, matting 8)–ment: instrument, equipment, attachment (7) 表示“细小”的含义 1)–cle: particle 2)–cule: molecule(分子)

3)–el: parcel 4)–en: chicken, maiden 5)–et: pocket, ticket 6)-etta, -ette, -etto: cigarette, essayette(短文) 7)–kin: napkin 8)–ling: duckling 9)–let: booklet 10)–y: baby, doggy 2. 形容词后缀

（1）带有“属性、倾向、相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible: movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible, changeable, valuable, accessible,

admirable, available, enjoyable, flexible, horrible, impossible, portable, reasonable, reliable, suitable, terrible, unbearable, unbelievable, uncomfortable, valuable

2)–al: natural, additional, educational, actual, agricultural, botanical, central, conventional, digital, facial,

fundamental, gradual, international, medical, memorial, musical, national, official, optional, physical, personal, political, practical, racial, skeptical, social, spiritual, technical, terminal, theoretical, traditional, unconditional, universal, vertical, visual, vital 3)-an, ane: urban, suburban, republican 4)-ant, -ent: distant, important, excellent, absent, abundant, adolescent, apparent, brilliant, confident, consistent, convenient, different, elegant, evident, excellent, fluent, fragrant, frequent, important, independent, innocent, instant, merchant, patient, permanent, pleasant, pregnant, relevant, silent, urgent, violent,

5)–ar: similar, popular, regular, familiar,

6)–ary: military, voluntary, contemporary, contrary, primary 7)-ic, -atic, -ical: politic, systematic, historic, physical, chemical, commercial, confidential (机密的，保密的), electrical,

8)–ine: masculine, feminine, marine 9)–ing: moving, touching, daring 10)–ish: foolish, bookish, selfish 11)–ive: active, impressive, decisive 12)–ory: satisfactory, compulsory 13)-il, -ile, -eel: fragile, genteel(文雅的) (2) 表示“相象，类似”

1)–ish: boyish, childish 2)–esque: picturesque 3)–like: manlike, childlike 4)–ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 5)–some: troublesome, handsome 6)–y: milky, pasty, salty, tasty, rainy, cloudy, sunny, wealthy, (3) 表示“充分的”含义

1)–ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 2)–ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, various, ambiguous, anxious, cautious, curious, famous, humorous,

mountainous, nervous, obvious, poisonous, precious, previous, religious, ridiculous, serious, unconscious,

3)–ent: violent (4) 表示由某种物质形成、制成或生产 1)–en: wooden, golden, woolen 2)–ous: gaseous 3)–fic: scientific (5) 表示方向的含义 1)–ern: eastern, western 2)–ward: downward, forward (6) 表示“倍数”的含义 1)–ble: double, treble 2)–ple: triple 3)–fold: twofold, tenfold (7) 表示“数量关系”的含义 1)–teen: thirteen 2)–ty: fifty 3)–th: fourth, fiftieth (8) 表示“国籍、语种、宗教”等 1)–an: Roman, European 2)–ese: Chinese 3)–ish: English, Spanish (9) 表示“比较程度”

1)–er: greater 2)–ish: reddish, yellowish 3)–est: highest 4)–most: foremost, topmost (10)其他的含义

-less表示否定countless, stainless, wireless, breathless, careless, endless, hopeless, regardless, stainless, tasteless, useless, 3. 动词后缀 1)-ize, -ise表示“做成，变成，……化”：

modernize, mechanize, democratize, advertise, advise, apologize, organize, practise, realize, recognize, 2)–en表示“使成为，引起，使有”：quicken, weaken, soften, harden, frighten, ripen, sharpen, strengthen, 3)–ify表示“使……化, 使成”：

beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify, clarify, classify, satisfy, simplify, terrify 4)–ate：separate, operate, indicate, accelerate, accumulate, advocate, allocate, appreciate, associate, calculate, celebrate, circulate, communicate, compensate, concentrate, congratulate, decorate, donate, educate, evaluate, graduate, hesitate, negotiate, operate, participate, relate, tolerate, translate, violate

4. 副词后缀

1)–ly: possibly, swiftly, simply 2)-ward, -wards: downward, inwards, upward(s), afterward(s), backward(s), forward, outward(s), straightforward, toward(s), westward(s), 3)–ways: always, sideways 4)–wise: otherwise, clockwise

否定前缀：

un-: 加在形容词前,如：unimportant, unable；加在动词前undo,如uninstall; im-：一般加在以字母b，m，p开头的单词前(b八p婆m们- -) 如：imbalance不平衡的，immoral不道德的，impossible不可能的; ir-: 以字母r开头的单词，如：irregular不规则的，irrelative无关系的; il-: 以字母l开头的单词，如：illegal不合法的，illogical不合逻辑的;

in-：以其他字母开头的单词。如：inhuman不人道的，injustice不分开的，inseparable不可分的，incorrect不正确的，inactive不活跃的;

dis-: 加在某些动词或名词前构成反义词，如dislike, disaffirm, dishonesty, disadvantage, disability,

non-: nonverbal非语言的, non-aggression不侵犯，不侵略，non-believer没有信仰的人，不信上帝的人， non-human非人类的，不属于人类的（对比inhuman 无人性的，冷漠的）;

根据其语义功能的不同分为四类： ① non-、in-、a-的意义相当not；

② de-属于逆转前缀，它把词干所表示的动作进颠倒； ③ under-是表示”不充分”、”不完全”的程度前缀； ④ anti-和 counter-表示一种反对的态度。 例子：

atypically: not typically

decode: to discover the meaning of something written in a code undermanned: not having enough workers

counterattack: an attack made to stop, oppose, or return an enemy attack 否定后缀：

英语中只有三个否定后缀：-less、-free、-proof。

-less 和-free 均有not 和 without 之意，其句法功能都是把名词转变成形容词。 例如：

hatless: not wearing a hat

timeless，countless，speechless，homeless，breathless，aimless 例如：

salt-free: without salt stress-free（无压力的），carefree（无忧无虑的），tax-free（免交税的） -proof 的词干常为名词，词干加上-proof 后用作形容词或动词。 例如：

a bulletproof car: a car designed not to be harmed by bullets （to bulletproof a car: to make a car bulletproof） 再如：waterproof（防水的），flameproof （防火的），shockproof（防震的；防电击的），lightning-proof（防雷的）

补充前缀well-，ill-：

well-prepared，well-organized ill-prepared，ill-organized