河北省邢台市高中英语阅读理解高考重点题型及易错点提醒 百度文库

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London, a very interesting place, to try his fortune.

There was the famous London Bridge and St. Paul's Cathedral, and palaces and markets and long streets full of shops.

Then, too, there were the daily crowds where could be seen people from all over the world. Knights, scholars and the highwayman (拦路强盗）or thieves, who had been infamous for their clever robberies, passed by each other.

Here, also, were noblemen dressed in gold, from Italy and Spain and France; slaves from Spanish America, sea captains and ministers, soldiers and servants—all held by chances or interests within the gray walls which circled London, and whose gates gave welcome to as strange a crowd as could be found in the world.

Into this curious crowd came Shakespeare, quick to see and eager to learn. And before long all these strange sights were as familiar to him as the faces of his own town's residents. Each one told its story to him so plainly that, as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods, so now he learned men and men's interests that make up the great world.

And he learned these lessons so well that when he came to write his plays, he made such use of them as no writer ever made before or since; for it is the use of this knowledge of the world, combined with his own genius, that makes Shakespeare the greatest dramatist that has ever lived. （1）What was London like in Shakespeare's eyes when he first went there? A. Dirty and small. B. Strange and interesting. C. Infamous and terrible. D. Familiar and modern. （2）Which of the following best describes Shakespeare? A. Shakespeare got inspiration to write from his hometown, London. B. Shakespeare was eager to make friends with the noblemen in London. C. Shakespeare was good at observing and learning from the daily life. D. Shakespeare became the greatest dramatist owing to his own genius. （3）What does the word \"one\" in paragraph 5 refer to?

A. Crowd. B. Resident. C. Face. D. Sight. （4）The passage probably comes from______.

A. a poster B. a textbook C. an advertisement D. an announcement 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇名人轶事，介绍了文学大师莎士比亚年轻时去到伦敦第一天时遇到 的 有趣的事情。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“a very interesting place”和第五段中的“all these

strange sights”可知，在 Shakespeare 的眼中，伦敦是一个有趣而陌生的城市。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第五段可知，Shakespeare来到伦敦不久之后，通过观察和学习了解了伦敦，并适应了那里的生活，由此可推断出，Shakespeare擅长观察日常生活并从中学习。故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。根据第五段中的“as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods”正如他以前所学到的田野和树林的秘密那样，可知，one指的是\"像田野和树林一样的景象\"。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。本文主要讲述了莎士比亚到伦敦的经历，所以这篇文章最有可能出现在一本教材中。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Families around the country are finding new options for their children's midday meal thanks to a growing number of delivery options catering to students. Kiddos Catering in Chicago adopts a method of providing restaurant meals to schools that contract with it. Owner Michelle Moses and her staff work with area restaurants to create a variety of kid-friendly choices and deliver the meals to the schools five days a week. Parents select the lunches from an online order form that lists the day's featured restaurant and its menu choices.

\"Each day is a different restaurant with six to 10 menu options,\" she said. \"It offers so much choice to kids.\" The service appeals to parents because they think their children are less likely to toss out restaurant food than a packed lunch, Ms. Moses said. The schools appreciate that Moses handles the ordering, payment, pickup, and food distribution in the cafeteria. \"Schools really want to be in the business of educating kids,\" she said. \"They don't want to be in the food and beverage(餐饮) business.\"

That doesn't mean that schools always like it when teens (or parents) take it upon themselves to order food through phone apps. Many schools have banned that practice, citing safety concerns about delivery drivers showing up at school unannounced and the burden of tracking down students to alarm them that their meals have arrived.

\"These types of deliveries pose an unnecessary security risk for students and staff,\" said Bernard Watson, director of community relations for Gwinnett County Public Schools in Suwanee, Ga. \"In addition, our award-winning school nutrition program provides students with a wide variety of tasty, nutritious meals on-site, so there is no need to order food from outside.\" Jacob Levin, a recent graduate of Bexley High School in Bexley, Ohio, relied on a sub shop to deliver a sandwich to him during lunchtime meetings or other appointments that conflicted with his lunch period. \"It was a convenient option. In most cases, I would not have been able to eat at school if it weren't for the delivery option,\" he said. \"Having a restaurant-quality sub also was much more enjoyable than cafeteria food.\"

（1）What can we learn about Kiddos Catering? A. It should be ordered online.

B. It is a non-profit food program.

C. It delivers the meals to the schools twice a day. D. It mainly offers the featured dishes of a restaurant. （2）What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A. The aim of the food and beverage business. B. A suitable time for school meals. C. Advantages of the delivering school lunch. D. An alternative to the school cafeteria. （3）What is Bernard Watson's concern for delivering food? A. It's less healthy than that in the school cafeteria. B. It causes a potential danger to students. C. It attracts students' attention to study. D. Its arrival is usually not punctual.

（4）What is Jacob Levin's attitude to the change of the school lunch?

A. Neutral. B. Careless. C. Supportive. D. Unfavorable. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。孩子们的午餐有了新的选择，这要归功于越来越多迎合学生口味的外卖服务。但是该怎样权衡这一现象的利弊呢？

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"Parents select the lunches from an online order form that lists the day's featured restaurant and its menu choices\"可知，Kiddos Catering提供的午餐需要在网上预订。故选A。

（2）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“ The service appeals to parents because they think their children are less likely to toss out restaurant food than a packed lunch, Ms. Moses said. The schools appreciate that Moses handles the ordering, payment, pickup, and food distribution in the cafeteria. ”可知本段从父母以及学校两个角度介绍了递送的学校午餐的好处。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的\"These types of deliveries pose an unnecessary security risk for students and staff \"可知，Bernard Watson担忧的是，食物的递送可能会给学生带来潜在的危险。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"It was a convenient option. In most cases, I would not have been able to eat at school if it weren't for the delivery option,\"可推断出，Jacob Levin对此的态度是支持的。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

People speak English in different parts of the world. The same words can be used in different ways, depending on where you live. People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words. Editors want to find the regional differences in English around the world. They want to expand its record of the language.

Last year, the OED, BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the United Kingdom. It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary. One was \"cuddy wifter\

Now, the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world. Eleanor Maier, an editor at OED, said the response has been great. Editors are listing a bunch of suggestions to include in the dictionary.

These include Hawaii's \"hammajang\for a swimming costume, \"dookers\" or \"duckers\". It is used in Scotland.

The OED also might include the word \"frog-drowner\downpour of rain. Another possibility is \"brick\". It means \"very cold\" to people in New Jersey and New York City.

The dictionary has already found that, depending on location, a picture hanging off center might be described as \"agley\". It might also be called \"catawampous\" or \"ahoo\".

\"The OED aims to cover all types of English,\" Maier said. That includes scientific words, slang and regional language. Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down.

The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions. \"We were surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include,\" said Maier. （1）Which local word of the following most likely comes from one region of the United Kingdom?

A. Hammajang. B. Dookers. C. Catawampous. D. Frog-drowner. （2）What can be inferred from the passage?

A. It is challenging to create a complete collection of regional words. B. People are not enthusiastic about the appeal for regional words. C. Regional words are more used orally than in written form. D. Understanding regional words can be helpful when communicating.

（3）Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage? A. It's time to track where the local words come from. B. The same English words can be used to say different things. C. OED aims to expand its collection to attract locals.

D. OED will include more regional words from around the globe.

（4）Which part of a newspaper does this passage probably come from? A.Entertainment. B.Sports. C.Culture. D.Health. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A

（3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例，说明了不同的地方有很多地方性的语言，牛津词典正致力于将这些地方性的语言包含在它的字典之内。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Another is the word for a swimming costume, ‘dookers’ or ‘duckers’. It is used in Scotland.”dookers 或duckers这个词用来指一种泳衣，主要在苏格兰地区使用，以及常识，苏格兰是英国的一部分，可知，Dookers这个词最可能来自于英国的一个地区。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OED's editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down”Maier说识别地方性的词汇对于牛津字典的编辑来说是比较困难的。因为这些词经常为口头描述而没有被记录下来，可以推知搜集各地的地方性语言是一项比较困难的事情。故选A。 （3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“The appeal is called Words Where You Are. It is looking for more suggestions.”和全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了牛津字典收集地方性词汇的意义以及进展情况，向大家介绍了这一个项目。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文的话题是牛津字典收集地方性词汇，是与文化中的语言相关的，所以我们可以推知这篇文章可能来源于报纸上的文化专栏部分。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents' point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents' complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.

In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrel on unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen's hair, the cleanness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn't matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and

teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.

（1）Why does the author compare the parent teen war to a border conflict? A. Both can continue for generations. B. Both are about where to draw the line. C. Neither has any clear winner. D. Neither can be put to an end. （2）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A.The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict. B.The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict. C.The teens accuse their parents of misleading them. D.The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.

（3）Parents and teens want to be right because they want to__________. A.give orders to the other B.know more than the other C.gain respect from the other D.get the other to behave properly

（4）What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A.Causes for the parent-teen conflicts B.Examples of the parent-teen war C.Solutions to the parent-teen problems D.Future of the parent-teen relationship 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对于父母来说，抚养一个十几岁的孩子就像是打一场持久战，但是是一场没有赢家的持久战。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Like a border conflict between neighboring countries ,the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?”可知和邻国之间的边界纷争一样，两代人之间的战争是关于界限的：我所能控制的和你所做的之间的界限。选B。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“From the parents' point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents' complete unreasonableness.”可知，从父母的观点来看，他们之间斗争的唯一原因就是他们的青春期的孩子的完全不讲道理。划线句子意为:青少年也正好是同样的方式看待的，只是正好相反的，也就是在孩子们看来，斗争的原因完全是他们的父母蛮不讲理。选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Third , needing to be right ,It doesn't matter what the topic is –politics. The laws of physics ,or the proper way to break an egg –the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong , for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something — and therefore to command respect”可知，他们争论的话题是什么不重要，重要的是他们要证明自己是对

的，而对方是不对的，从而赢得尊重。选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据由最后一段中的“In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap.”可知，在这篇文章中，作者将描述三种通常会引起青少年和父母之间斗争的情形，然后提出几种解决的方法。最后一段介绍了三种情形，所以接下来讨论的该是解决的方法了。选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

When you live in total messiness—cookies in your pants draws, and some old New Yorkers or apple seeds in your bed—it's hard to know where to look for when you lose your keys. The other day, after two weeks of searching, I found my keys in the refrigerator. I can't say I was surprised. But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD(多动症), when I was a junior at Yale. According to a new study, 11% of school-age children have received an ADHD diagnosis, a 16% increase since 2007. And rising diagnoses mean rising treatments—drugs like Adderall are more accessible than ever. However, the consequences of misuse and abuse of these drugs are dangerous.

Yet also harmful are the consequences of ADHD undiagnosed, an all-too-common story for women like me, who have symptoms, like disorganization and forgetfulness, which look different from those typically expressed in males.

Dr. Ellen, author of Understanding Girls with ADHD, has found around 4 million females with ADHD are not diagnosed. \"The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys.\" Ellen says.

Besides, the idea that young women actually have ADHD often causes skepticism. As a top student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at first. My friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided.

\"Often, if girls are smart or in supportive homes, symptoms are masked,\" Dr.Ellen says. \"Girls will hide their inability to meet social expectations. They see their trouble organizing, and concentrating as character flaws(缺陷).\"

These years, I am both embarrassed and exhausted by my struggles to keep track of objects, but drug has helped it and made it more bearable. （1）The writer presents the first paragraph to .

A. air her view with an example B. bring up the topic of the passage C. show young people's messiness D. prove Yale also has ADHD students （2）Many female with ADHD are not diagnosed mainly because . A.the diagnostic criteria are made according to male ADHD B.they are smart enough to mask their ADHD symptoms C.they don't view their trouble as symptoms of ADHD

D.women ADHD are more hyperactive than young boys

（3）What does the word \"skepticism\" in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A.panic. B.stubbornness. C.debate. D.doubt.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about? A.Why female ADHD patients develop the disease. B.Why many female ADHD patients are undiagnosed. C.How young ADHD patients are cured of the disease. D.How much help ADHD patients can get from medication. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】文章借由作者的亲身经历讲述女性多动症不容易被诊断出来的原因。 （1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段的结构和But I was surprised when I was diagnosed with ADHD（多动症）,when I was a junior at Yale.以及下文关于多动症的内容可知，作者讲述第一段的目的是为了引出下文关于多动症的话题，故选B项。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第四段的The main reason is that the diagnostic criteria were developed based on those hyperactive（过度活跃）young boys taken to clinics, making it difficult for girls to be diagnosed unless they behave like hyperactive boys.可知诊断多动症的标准是基于过度活跃的年轻男孩来制定的，所以很难诊断出女孩，除非她们的行为像过度活跃的男孩，故选A项。

（3）词义猜测题。根据画线部分后面的As a top student, I didn't believe my diagnosis at first.My friends were also confused, and rather certain my doctor was misguided.可知作者一开始不相信多动症的诊断结果，她的朋友也很困惑，认为是医生诊断错误，即她们都怀疑医生的诊断，故推测画线部分的意思是\"怀疑\"，故选D项。

（4）主旨大意题。文章第三段主要讲述女性多动症的症状和男性不同；第四段主要讲述女孩很难被诊断出多动症，因为诊断标准是按男性制定的；第五段主要讲述女性自己会怀疑诊断结果；第六段主要讲述女性会把多动症症状隐藏起来。综上所述，本文主要讲述女性不容易被诊断出多动症的原因，故选B项。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义猜测题要结合划线词所在语境，推测词义；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想

6．阅读理解

Fallingwater is a house built over a waterfall in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Frank Lloyd Wright, America's most famous architect, designed the house in 1935. It instantly became famous, and

today it is a National Historic Landmark. In-Depth Tour

The tour is best if you desire a greater understanding of what Wright was seeking to create with his masterwork. The number of visitors on each tour is limited and photography is permitted for personal use only. Children nine years and older may be accompanied by adults on this tour. $65.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) Daily from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Guided House Tour

This tour features all the major rooms of the house and lasts about one hour. Photography is not permitted during this tour. The Guided House Tour allows children six-year-old and older to enjoy the house with their parents. Adults —$20.00 with advance purchase —$23.00 when purchased on site

Youth (aged 6-12) —$14.00 with advance purchase —$17.00 when purchased on site Brunch (早午餐)Tour

The guests join their guide for brunch before they leave. Children nine years and older may be accompanied by adults on this tour. Please allow three hours in total for this experience. $115.00 per person (Available by advance ticket purchase only) May through September- Saturdays & Sundays at 9:00 a.m. （1）What can we know about In-Depth Tour?

A. The ticket is available on site. B. It is not available at 9:30 a.m. C. Visitors are forbidden to take photos. D. The number of visitors is not limited. （2）How much will a couple with a girl aged 8 pay if they buy the Guided House Tour tickets in advance?

A. $34 B. $63. C. $40. D. $54. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一栋建在宾夕法尼亚州西南部瀑布上的房子——流水别墅。

（1）考查细节理解。根据In-Depth Tour部分中的”Daily from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.“可知，In-Depth Tour在每日上午十时至下午四时之间开放。由此可知，早上9:30是不开放的。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Guided House Tour部分中的”Adults —$20.00 with advance purchase“成人- $20.00，预购；以及”Youth (aged 6-12) —$14.00 with advance purchase“6-12岁的青少年- $14.00，预购，可知，一对夫妇带着一个8岁的女孩买导游房的门票需要花费$20.00*2 +$14.00=$54.00。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要主准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

According to a team of researchers, an animal's ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life.

\"Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.\" commented lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.

The study was done with a variety of animals using phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.

One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research showed flies \"observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, \"which allows them to avoid being hit.

Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, \"Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.\" In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲虫)runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its prey's(猎物)position. Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension along which animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail. （1）What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about？ A. Pace of life of animals. B. Impressive abilities of animals. C. Lifetime of small animals. D. Time perception of animals. （2）What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para.2？ A. The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time. B. Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.

C. The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed. D. Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life. （3）Why can houseflies avoid being hit? A. They can think very deeply before they act.

B. They can process the information as quickly as they receive it. C. They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.

D. They can send information to brain more quickly than to their eyes. （4）What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?

A. Slow down to gain its time perception. B. Prevent itself from becoming blind. C. Stop occasionally to spot the prey again. D. Try to run as fast as it can. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“According to a team of researchers，an animal's ability to perceive（感知）time is linked to their pace of life.”可知，据一组研究人员称，动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知的，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.”可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的时间内感知时间的能力可能是生与死的区别，由此可知，Kevin Healy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The research showed flies ‘observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，’which allows them to avoid being hit.”可知，家蝇观察物体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避免被击中；再结合第五段中的“but they can make good decisions very quickly.”可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定，也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“the tiger beetle（虎甲虫）runs faster than its eyes can keep up，basically becoming blind，which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its prey's（猎物）position”可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不时地停下来，重新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地停下来确定猎物的位置，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The idea that computers have some amount of \"intelligence\" is not new, says Ralph Haupter, the president of Microsoft Asia, pointing as far back as 1950 when computer pioneer Alan Turing asked whether machines can think. \"So it has taken nearly 70 years for the right combination of factors to come together to move AI from concept to reality,\" says Haupter.

It is predicted that the development of artificial intelligence will be the story of the coming generations, not just the coming year, but as 2019 gets underway, you'll find AI will begin to touch your life in many ways according to some researchers.

\"Personal assistant AIs will keep getting smarter. As our personal assistants learn more about our daily routines, I can imagine the day I need not to worry about preparing dinner. My AI knows what I like to eat, which days of the week I like to cook at home, and makes sure that when I get back from work all my groceries are waiting at my doorstep, ready for me to prepare that delicious meal I had been longing for.\" ---Alecjandro Troccoli, senior research scientist, NVIDIA. \"Thanks to AI, the face will be the new credit card, the new driver's license and the new barcode (条形码). Facial recognition is already completely transforming security with biometric capabilities being adopted, and seeing how technology and business are connected, like Amazon is with Whole Foods, I can see a near future where people will no longer need to stand in line at

the store.\" ---Georges Nahon, president, Orange Institute, a global research laboratory. \"2019 will be the year AI becomes real for medicine. By the end of the year we're seeing solutions for population health, hospital operations and a broad set of clinical specialties quickly follow behind.\" ---Mark Michalski, executive director, Massachusetts General Hospital. （1）What can we know about AI from the first two paragraphs? A. People didn't expect AI to develop so rapidly. B. The idea of AI just came up recently.

C. The concept of AI was put forward by Ralph Haupter. D. It took more than 70 years to turn the concept into reality.

（2）Who sees the future of AI doing housework instead of human being? A. Alan Turing. B. Georges Nahon. C. Mark Michalski. D. Alejandro Troccoli. （3）What is Georges Nahon's job?

A. Executive director of a hospital. B. President of a research laboratory. C. Chairman of an energy corporation. D. Chief operating officer of a newspaper. （4）How is the passage developed?

A. By explaining cause and effect. B. By presenting research results. C. By listing some predictions. D. By describing personal experiences. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过Alecjandro Troccoli，Georges Nahon以及Mark Michalski对人工智能未来将应用于的领域进行预测和说明。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”It is predicted that the development of artificial intelligence will be the story of the coming generations, not just the coming year, but as 2019 gets underway, you'll find AI will begin to touch your life in many ways according to some researchers.“据预测，人工智能的发展将成为未来几代人的故事，而不仅仅是未来的一年，但随着2019年的到来，你会发现人工智能将开始在许多方面影响你的生活。可知从前两段我们可以了解到人们没想到人工智能会发展得这么快。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”My AI knows what I like to eat, which days of the week I like to cook at home, and makes sure that when I get back from work all my groceries are waiting at my doorstep, ready for me to prepare that delicious meal I had been longing for.\" ---Alecjandro Troccoli, senior research scientist, NVIDIA.“我的人工智能知道我喜欢吃什么，一周中的哪几天我喜欢在家做饭，并确保当我下班回家时，所有的杂货都在门口等着我，为我准备好我一直渴望的美味佳肴。——Alecjandro Troccoli， NVIDIA的高级研究科学家。可知Alecjandro Troccoli能预见人工智能代替人类做家务的未来。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”Georges Nahon, president, Orange Institute, a global research laboratory.“Georges Nahon，全球研究实验室奥兰治研究所主任。可知Georges Nahon的工作是研究实验室的主任。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。第三、四和五段分别为Alecjandro Troccoli预测人工智能代替人类做

家务的未来；Georges Nahon预测人脸识别将和商业结合在一起以及Mark Michalski对人工智能应用于医学的预测，可知这篇文章是通过列举一些预测进行论述展开的。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．（2019•天津）阅读理解

How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.

With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.

Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.

Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.

（1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？ A. The living habits of species in food webs. B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems. C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems. D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.

（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator______. A. has a wide food choice B. can easily find new prey C. sticks to one prey species D. can quickly move to another place

（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？

A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.

B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators. C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged. D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes. （4）What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？ A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems. B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats. C. Species of commercial value dominate other species. D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.

（5）How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？ A. By getting illegal practices under control. B. By stopping us from killing large predators.

C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal. D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D （4）A （5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.”可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物)，the two species are strongly linked”可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly attack”可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline”可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。

（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that

are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.”可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldn't find the park's volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that's what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.

Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone (圆锥体) shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma (岩浆) piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second les known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn't find the caldera anywhere.

Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans. （1）What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone? A. Its complicated geographical features. B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism. C. The mysterious history of the park. D. The exact location of the volcano. （2）What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about? A. The shapes of volcanoes. B. The impacts of volcanoes. C. The activities of volcanoes. D. The heights of volcanoes.

（3）What does the underlined word \"blow-up\" in the last paragraph most probably mean? A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera. C. Big photograph. D. Bird's view. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，二十世纪六十年代Bob Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But Christiansen couldn't find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.”可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。

（2）段落大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。

（3）词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers.”可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

Triple Olympic and world sprint(短跑) champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football.

Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport network's studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals(诽谤).

\"I have to prove myself to the world that you can run fast without it,\" Bolt said.

Bolt cited the speeds he and countryman Asafa Powell and American Tyson Gay have achieved without positive doping tests.

\"We just (have to) continue to run fast,\" Bolt said. \"In a couple of years everyone will continue to watch again and have less doubts.\"

Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last year's Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble.

\"I want to be a legend in the sport. For me it's all a focus on winning championships after championships,\" Bolt said.

\"I don't consider myself a legend. When I defend my titles I will consider myself a legend.\" Bolt's defending of World and Olympic gold should be the feature attraction of the 2011 IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Korea, and the 2012 London Olympics.

（1）Why does Usain Bolt say that he has no plans to play American football? A. Because he wants to ease doping doubts in athletics. B. Because he wants to show his fast feats. C. Because he is doubted by some people. D. Because he runs fastest in the world.

（2）How many times did Usain Bolt break the world records?

A. three times. B. four times. C. five times. D. eight times. （3）What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Usain Bolt plans years of fast feats to ease doping doubts. B. Usain Bolt is doubted for his athletics.

C. Usain Bolt set world records again in Berlin last month. D. Usain Bolt wants to a legend in the sport. （4）The passage can be read ___________.

A. on TV B. on the Internet C. in a book D. in a newspaper. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football.”本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划）可推知，因为人们对田径运动中兴奋剂的疑虑，他想平息这种疑虑，证明没有兴奋剂也可以，所以选择继续跑步，没有踢美式足球的计划。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last year's Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble.”在去年的北京奥运会上，博尔特获得了100米、200米和4x100接力的金牌，打破了世界纪录，上个月在柏林，他以100米9.58秒和200米19.19秒的成绩打破了世界纪录，并帮助他在接力赛上夺取了世界锦标赛的三冠王，可知，博尔特在北京奥运会上打破了3次世界纪录，在柏林打破了2次世界纪录，总共打破过5次世界纪录。故选C。 （3）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport network's studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（诽谤）.”博尔特出现在ESPN的节目中，并在电视体育网络的演播室外参加轻松愉快的比赛，他说，在过去的兴奋剂丑闻之后，他觉得自己必须向持怀疑态度的体育界证明自己，及下文博尔特所说的话可知，本文介绍了尤塞恩·博尔特的田径运动受到了人们的质疑。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football.”本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划，可推知，本篇文章极可能来自报纸。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it. But at that time I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.

Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips so she couldn't take care of the garden. I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often so I didn't think much about the garden.

One Saturday morning, my father said to me, \"Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let's have a salad today!\" I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!

I panicked for a moment, but then I quietly went to the nearest store to buy some vegetables. When I gave the salad to him, he said, \"Oh, Christine, what a beautiful salad! I can't believe the carrots are this big already. You must be taking very good care of my garden.\" I felt a little bit guilty.

Coming home, my mother saw the bag from the supermarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed and I admitted, \"Dad wanted a salad, but the garden was a disaster. I didn't want to disappoint him so I went to the store.\" She laughed but promised to help me in the garden and weeks later I was finally able to pick some.

I carefully made a salad and took it to my father. He looked at it with a hint of a smile. \"Christine the carrots are smaller in this salad, but they taste better.\"

Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for my father's love of gardening.

（1）Christine originally said she would do the gardening because she ________. A.knew it was important to her father B.wanted to improve her gardening skills C.was asked by her father to do it D.was interested in growing vegetables

（2）Which of the following was a problem in the garden? A.Animals often dug in the garden.

B.Insects destroyed the lettuce and carrots. C.The plants were given too much water. D.The vegetables were marked incorrectly.

（3）Christine could secretly make the salad from store-bought vegetables because ________. A.her father couldn't see the garden's progress B.her father was in hospital at that time C.her mother helped her to buy the vegetables D.her mother helped her to make a spray

（4）What did Christine learn through her experience of gardening? A.Always prepare for a rainy day. B.Don't be disappointed by bugs. C.Hard work can be rewarding. D.Working alone produces results. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）A （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了帮养病的爸爸照顾花园的经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"My father loves his garden.\"及第二段中的\"I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered.\"可知，Christine的爸爸很喜欢花园，她不想让爸爸在养伤期间担心他的花园没人照顾，所以Christine说她会帮他照顾花园，也就是说Christine知道花园对爸爸很重要才说帮他照顾花园，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\"I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs.\"可知，Christine去花园看到许多莴苣叶和胡萝卜被虫子吃掉了一半，由此可知，花园的一个问题是昆虫破坏了莴苣和胡萝卜，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while.\"可知，Christine的爸爸在一次事故中受了重伤，需要卧床养伤，看不到菜园的进展，所以Christine才能偷偷地用商店里买来的蔬菜做沙拉，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they maybe.\"可知，现在，Christine更好地理解，为某事付出大量的努力可以帮助你更好地欣赏成果，不管成果有多小，言外之意，这个经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Most of us have looked up at the stars that fill the night sky and wondered whether we're alone in the universe. Indeed, the question of whether there's life out there has been something humankind's been asking itself for countless years. But thanks to China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), the answer to this question may come a lot sooner than we expected.

The telescope has a huge round reflector, which measures 500 meters across and has a perimeter(周长)of 1.6 kilometers. Because of its great size, it would have been both difficult and inefficient to get FAST to move like a regular telescope. Instead, FAST's designers came up with a great solution: its surface is made up of 4450 panels which can be individually adjusted. This clever design feature allows scientists to detect radio signals from any angle with a great degree of accuracy. \"Panels can change their positions through connected wires and parallel (关联的) robots. We can control their position with an accuracy of 1mm,\" Zheng Yuanpeng, chief engineer of the telescope's panel project, told Xinhua News Agency.

FAST's engineers also had the task of finding a suitable location. As any interference would affect its ability to detect distant radio waves, it needed to be built in a remote area. Luckily, the perfect spot was found in the beautiful mountains of Guizhou Province. \"There are three hills about 500 meters away from one another, creating a valley that is perfect to support the telescope,\" Sun Caihong, chief engineer of FAST's construction, told Xinhua.

And although it wasn't yet fully operated, FAST had already made great discoveries by October 2017. Since 1967, only around 2000 pulsars (脉冲星) have been discovered, yet FAST had detected six more by October 2017. Once FAST is fully up and running, we may finally have the answer to one of the biggest questions in history.

（1）What is the purpose of mentioning the question in Paragraph 1? A. To introduce the new giant telescope. B. To explain why there is life in universe. C. To remind readers to think about the life in space. D. To emphasize the question that should be answered. （2）What can we know from Paragraph 2? A. The telescope is made up of many panels. B. The area of FAST is about 800 square kilometers. C. The engineer can handle FAST's position accurately. D. The individual panel helps scientists catch radio signals. （3）Why was FAST built in Guizhou?

A. Because Guizhou is a remote province. B. Because Guizhou has an ideal valley. C. Because Guizhou has beautiful mountains. D. Because Guizhou has the ability to build it. （4）What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A. FAST's timeline. B. FAST's future. C. FAST's operation. D. FAST's discoveries. 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国500米口径球面射电望远镜，它的设计原理、选址以及发展前景等多方面的信息。

（1）考查推理判断。第一段通过提出问题，再引出答案，在引出答案的同时引出了本文要介绍的我国500米口径球面射电望远镜。所以第一段提出问题的目的是引出本文的介绍对象。这也是说明文常见的写作手法。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“its surface is made up of 4450 panels which can be individually adjusted. This clever design feature allows scientists to detect radio signals from any angle with a great degree of accuracy.“它的表面由4500片可调节的金属板组成。这种聪明的设计可以让科学家从不同的角度精确的探测到无线电信号。可推知，这些金属板能帮助科学家捕捉无线电信号。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“There are three hills about 500 meters away from one another, creating a valley that is perfect to support the telescope”这儿有三座间距500米左右的山，是安置望远镜的绝佳的山谷，可知，望远镜之所以安置在贵州，是因为贵州有一个很好的山谷。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中“And although it wasn't yet fully operated, FAST had already made great discoveries by October 2017.“虽然还没有完全运转起来，到2017年10月FAST已经有了重大发现。可知，这一段讲述FAST的重大发现。并且其后几句话也是来具体阐述FAST的重大发现的。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

At first, Michael Surrell didn't see the black smoke or flames shooting from the windows of his neighbors' home. He and his wife had just parked around the corner from their own house in Allentown, Pennsylvania, when they got a call from one of his daughters, \"The house next door is on fire!\" He went to investigate. That's when he saw two women and a girl hysterical (歇斯底里的)on their porch.

\"The baby's in there!\" one of the women cried. Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then , instinctively ran inside. \"The baby\" was 8-year-old Tiara Roberts, the woman's granddaughter and a playmate of Surrell's three youngest kids, then 8, 10, and 12. The other two on the porch were Tiara's aunt and cousin.

Entering the burning house was like \"running into a bucket of black paint,\" Surrell says. The thick smoke caused him to stumble blindly around, burned his eyes, and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions would have been hazardous for anyone, but for Surrell, who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (慢性阻塞性肺疾病), they were life-threatening. He was the last person who should have run into a burning building--- he has lung disease. But that didn't stop him.

After a few minutes in the smoke filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath. \"Where is Tiara?\" he asked desperately.\" The second floor.\" her aunt shouted back.

Surrell knew he couldn't hold his breath for long. So he uttered a little prayer, \"Well, Lord, this

is it. You gotta help me, because I'm not coming out without that little girl.\" Taking a deep breath, he went in a second time.

The darkness was overwhelming. Yet because the house had a similar layout to his, he found the stairs and made it to the second floor. He turned to the right and was met by intense heat. He was already out of breath.

\"Baby girl, where are you?\" His throat and lungs burned as if he'd inhaled fire instead of the smoke and soot in the air. Every blink stung his eyes. All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood. ①.Still unable to see, Surrell fell to his knees on the hot wood floor. He crawled toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the girl. An ominous thought crossed his mind: I'm probably gonna die up here.

Finally he touched something. A shoe, then an ankle. He pulled Tiara toward him. ②Her body was limp and she wasn't breathing. He scooped her into his arms and stood. He felt the heat of the flames on his cheeks. Turning, he fought through the smoke and ran blindly into the blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the front door, then outside. Surrell put Tiara down on the porch.

③. A voice told him, \"You have to breathe for her.\" He started CPR -the first time he'd ever done so. The women stood behind him, praying silently. Soon a soot-filled cough came from Tiara's throat. Surrell gave five more breaths. She coughed again. Her eyes flickered. He gave one final breath. She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.

④.Their eyes met. Surrell hugged her tight and said, \"Uncle's got you.\" Soon after, his throat closed off.

Surrell woke up in the hospital a couple of days later, having suffered severe burns to his windpipe and the upper portion of his lungs. He spent over a week in the hospital. Tiara was released from the hospital after a few days. The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition, and he feels the effects even two years later. As a result, he takes extra medication that helps open his airways. \"It's a small price to pay,\" he says. \"I'd do it again in a heartbeat. Wouldn't give it a second thought.\"

（1）Michael Surrell ran to save \"the baby\" mainly because______. A.he was on the scene casually B.he was driven by instinct C.his daughter was in danger D.his own house was at risk

（2）Why should Surrell be the last person to run into a burning building? A.The fire department had been called. B.He was years old at that time. C.The condition was life-threatening. D.He had chronic pulmonary disease.

（3）In the course of rescue, Surrell______. A.had to move out for breath because of smoke B.was prevented by the overwhelming smoke C.made it to the second floor without any trouble

D.could clearly hear the sound made by the baby

（4）Which blank could the sentence \"Then a weak but distinct voice emerged\" be best put in? A.① B.② C.③ D.④

（5）From the last paragraph, we can learn that______. . A.Surrell came back to life a week later B.Tiara had to stay in hospital for weeks C.Surrell's disease became more serious D.Tiara needed further extra medication

（6）What can be a suitable title for the passage? A.Breathe for Her B.Struggle to survive C.A small price to pay D.A man with lung disease 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）A （4）A （5）C （6）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一个患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顾个人安危去邻居家着火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他对自己所做的从不后悔。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Though the fire department had been called, Surrell, then , instinctively ran inside.”虽然已经给消防队打电话了，但当时岁的萨雷尔还是本能地跑了进去，可知Surrell跑进去救婴儿是因为本能驱使，这里instinctively本能地是instinct的副词形式，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“but for Surrell, who has chronicobstructive pulmonary disease （慢性阻塞性肺疾病），they were life-threatening” 但对于患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Surrell来说，当时的火势对他来说是危及生命的，所以Surrell是最不应该冲进着火大楼的人，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“After a few minutes in the smoke filled house, he retreated outside to catch his breath.”在烟雾弥漫的房子里呆了几分钟后，他退到外面喘口气，可知在烟雾弥漫的房子里救人，期间Surrell不得不出来喘口气，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。 第一个空前“All he could hear was the crackling and popping of burning wood.” 他只能听到燃烧木头的噼噼啪啪声，选项A“Then a weak but distinct voice emerged” 然后出现了一个微弱但清晰的声音，句子中的Then在时间上承接前一句，空格后一句“Still unable to see” 还是看不见，承接选项A“一个微弱但清晰的声音”，可以判断听到声音但还

是看不见人，故选A。

（5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“The fire exacerbated Surrell's pulmonary condition.” 大火加剧了Surrell的肺部疾病， 可知Surrell的病情变得更严重了，故选C。

（6）考查主旨大意。根据倒数第三段中的“A voice told him, ‘You have to breathe for her.’ He started CPR ... She opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.”可知，Surrell给女孩做人工呼吸，女孩最终可以自己呼吸活过来了，人能活下来要呼吸给心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，用breathe for her做主题引申Surrell挽救了女孩的生命，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

15．阅读理解

Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown. As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.

They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks. Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals.

Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans.

A study of almost 300, 000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January.

Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness.

Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.

The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.

In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.

Sight expert Professor Daniel O'Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said \"At the moment we don't know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted.\" （1）Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted ____________. A. because the summer sun is too strong for babies B. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs

C. if they are exposed too much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born D if parents don't know a proper way to protect their babies' eyes

（2）Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________.

A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays

C. make our body strong D. protect babies' eyes from summer sun （3）From what Professor Daniel O'Leary says we can conclude that ___________. A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlight B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved C. he believes that light exposure can cause shortsightedness D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight

（4）The underlined word \"vulnerable\" in the passage probably means __________. A. easy to be harmed B. resistant C. protective D. changeable 【答案】 （1）C （2）B （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段可知，眼科专家称：在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，因为由于婴儿在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。故选C 。 （2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.“可知，褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段可知，剑桥大学的 视学专家Daniel O'Leary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。在婴幼儿时期，没有产生足够的褪黑激素作为保护，婴幼儿更容易被阳光灼伤，并且改变眼球的形状。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

I love our kitchen. It's one of the most used parts of our home. About 9 years ago we updated our kitchen and got all new collections. At the time I didn't really do a lot of research on the functions of the equipment and I really wish I had. There were so many different choices on the market and I ended up buying some that I didn't really like all that much and now that it's time to update them again, I'll be more careful with the ones I choose.

I've had my eye on KitchenAid for a while, especially the new KitchenAid equipment at BestBuy. The new KitchenAid equipment at Best Buy has a cook-like quality without the premium price that you might expect to pay, so it won't cost you a fortune. The equipment has a professionally inspired design that is a perfect balance of good taste and functionality.

With the new KitchenAid equipment you will find cooking more optional and flexible, which contributes to your amazing performance while preparing a meal. Its five-door fridge offers

organized storage and easier access to food.

I love these new collections and I can't think of a better time to update your kitchen than right now, because when you buy now at Best Buy you will get 18 months financing or 5% rewards on major equipment and free delivery on purchases over $399. To learn more about how to transform your kitchen with the new KitchenAid collections, be sure to visit BestBuy.com. （1）What is the author's regret for her last update of the kitchen? A. She didn't buy the latest equipment. B. She spent little time studying how they work. C. She purchased something she didn't like at all. D. She didn't make full use of the kitchen.

（2）The underlined word \"premium\" in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by _____. A. favorable B. reasonable C. high D. special （3）Why is the author most impressed by the products of KitchenAid equipment? A. They can save electricity. B. The fridge has a large storage. C. The price is very low. D. They make cooking easy. （4）What is the purpose of this text?

A. To recommend some kitchen equipment. B. To introduce a website. C. To compare prices of some goods. D. To describe a fridge. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者以自己的经历介绍了一款厨房设备——KitchenAid设备，价格不高，使做饭变得更加随意和灵活。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”At the time I didn't really do a lot of research on the functions of the equipment and I really wish I had.“当时我并没有对设备的功能做很多研究，我真的希望我做了很多研究。可知作者对她最近更新的厨房设备感到遗憾是她很少花时间研究它们是如何工作的。故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的”so it won't cost you a fortune.“ 所以不会花你一大笔钱。可知Best Buy新推出的厨房助手设备价格不高，不会花一大笔钱。故可推测划线单词意思为\"高的\"。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”With the new KitchenAid equipment you will find cooking more optional and flexible, which contributes to your amazing performance while preparing a meal.“有了新的KitchenAid设备，你会发现做饭变得更加随意和灵活，这有助于你在做饭时的惊人表现。可知让作者印象最深的是KitchenAid设备使烹饪变得简单。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”To learn more about how to transform your kitchen with the new KitchenAid collections, be sure to visit BestBuy.com.“要了解更多关于如何用新的KitchenAid系列来改造你的厨房，一定要访问BestBuy.com。以及结合文章主要内容为介绍KitchenAid设备，可知本文的目的是推荐一些厨房设备。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。