2021—2022学年新高一入学摸底考试英语试卷考试版答案详解(新高考)(公共版)

2021—2022学年新高一入学摸底考试英语试卷考试版答案详解（新高考）（公共版）

参

第一部分 听力

1—5 BAABC 6—10 CAABC 11—15 BAABB 16—20 BCBBC

第二部分 阅读

第一节

A篇

本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个可以应用虚拟现实技术参观的博物馆。

21. B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“From there, you can discover incredible works of art from the Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, Modern and Contemporary times.”可知，如果你喜欢现代艺术作品，你可以参观纽约的古根海姆博物馆。故选B。

22. D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“This historical museum is home to plenty of ancient works”可知，这个历史类博物馆拥有大量古代艺术品。因此，对古代艺术品感兴趣的人会对柏林的佩加蒙博物馆感兴趣。故选D。

23. D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“European artworks from as far back as

the 8th century can be found in this California art museum.”可知，在这个加州艺术馆里可以找到8世纪的欧洲艺术品。由此可知，洛杉矶的J·保罗·盖蒂博物馆的特殊之处在于它展览来自8世纪的欧洲艺术品。故选D。

B篇

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mike Coots在18岁的时候遭到了鲨鱼的攻击，虽然侥幸逃脱，但却失去了半条腿。在他恢复健康后，他好奇鲨鱼为什么会攻击他，于是他开始研究鲨鱼，并在研究的过程中发现，对于鲨鱼而言，人类是更加危险的，因此，他现在致力于保护鲨鱼。

24. D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的“your actual chances of ever being attacked by a shark are mere one in 11.5 million”可知，事实上，鲨鱼攻击人类的概率很小；再结合最后一句中的“which makes shark attack survivor, Mike Coots both incredibly unlucky and lucky”可知，Mike Coots被鲨鱼攻击却能够侥幸逃脱，他是不幸的但同时也是幸运的。由此可推知，作者提及人类被鲨鱼攻击的可能性是为了强调Mike这段不寻常的经历。故正确答案为D。

25. A 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句“Mike followed his instinct: He struck the shark in the face, again and again until the shark released him.”可知，Mike反复地击打鲨鱼的面部，直到鲨鱼放开了他。故正确答案为A。

26. B 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“he started riding the waves again”以及第三段倒数第二句“Instead, he was curious — why was he attacked?”可知，Mike再次冲浪时没有感到害怕，而是感到好奇，为什么自己会被鲨鱼攻击。由此可推知，他想

找出他被鲨鱼攻击的原因。故正确答案为B。

27. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句“His situation as a shark survivor empowered him to give sharks a voice, Mike says. He began working with the Hawaii state authorities to help pass a ban on shark-derived products.”可知，他通过帮助有关当局制定法律来保护鲨鱼。故正确答案为C。

C篇

本文是一篇说明文。孩子在电子设备上花太多的时间会变胖，一些企业为减少人们使用手机的时间计划引进新工具。

28. A 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Although television viewing among children and teens has dropped”可知，surged与dropped意思相反，故选A。

29. D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“mainly because children don’t notice when they are full when eating in front of a screen”可知，孩子们在屏幕前吃东西的时候，不会注意到他们什么时候饱了，故选D项。

30. D 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“a study from researchers at San Diego State University (SDSU) found nearly half of teens who spent five or more hours in front of screens every day experienced long periods of hopelessness or sadness”可知，该研究显示，在屏幕前每天花费五个小时或更多时间的青少年中有一半人会长期感到无望或悲伤，因此花费太多时间在屏幕前会对情绪有消极的影响，故选D项。

31. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As for iOS 12, iPhones will include a screen time feature where users can control and review how they spend time on their mobile devices.”可知，苹果手机增加了屏幕时间特性，故选B项。

D篇

本文是一篇说明文。拉斯维加斯是建立在沙漠中的城市，水非常珍贵。然而城市的草消耗了大量的水。为节约用水，该市要求立法机构通过一项法律：禁止使用没有用途的草。

32. C 细节理解题。根据第三段“It is estimated that useless grass makes up 40% of all the grass in Las Vegas and it needs a lot of water to survive. Grass needs four times more water than dry climate plants like cactus. By tearing out the grass, the city could reduce yearly water usage by 15%. (据估计，在拉斯维加斯，无用的草占所有草的40%，它需要大量的水来生存。草需要比干燥气候植物如仙人掌多四倍的水。通过把草坪清理掉，这座城市每年的用水量可以减少15%。)”可知，拉斯维加斯城试图通过立法清理掉没有用的草，主要目的是节约用水。故选C。

33. B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 2003, the Southern Nevada Water Authority banned developers from planting grass in front of new homes. It also offered homeowners $30 for each square meter of grass they tear out. But fewer people are now using the program. (2003年，南内华达州水务局禁止开发商在新房前种植草坪。每拆一平方米草坪它还向房主提供30美元的优惠。但是现在越来越少的人使用这个方案。)”可知，2003年在拉斯维加斯实施了鼓励居民把草拔掉的方案。故选B。

34. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Cynthia Campbell is the water resources

adviser for the city of Phoenix in Arizona. ‘There might come a point when city restrictions get too severe for some residents. They’ll say that is the point of no return for them,’ Campbell said. ‘For some people, it’s a pool. For some people, it’s grass.’ (Cynthia Campbell是亚利桑那州菲尼克斯市的水资源顾问。他说：“城市对一些居民来说可能过于苛刻。他们会说，这对他们来说是无法挽回的。对一些人来说，它是一个游泳池。对一些人来说，它是草。”)”可推知，Campbell在最后一段话中暗示了对改革的反应因人而异。故选B。

35. A 标题判断题。根据第二段“Now, the city is asking the Nevada state legislature to ban useless grass. It is trying to become the first place in America to ban that kind of grass often seen between streets, in housing developments and in office parks. (现在，该市要求内华达州立法机关禁止使用无用的草。它正试图成为美国第一个禁止这种草坪的地方，这种草坪经常出现在街道之间、住宅开发项目和办公园区中)”结合本文主要讲的是拉斯维加斯城准备通过一项法律，在城市里禁止使用没有用途的草，其目的是节约用水，可知，A项“拉斯维加斯计划禁止使用无用的草”最适合做本文的标题。故选A。

第二节

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了防晒霜，包括防晒霜的作用、历史、好处以及一些有关防晒霜的错误观念等。

36. D 根据上文“When it comes to having fun in the sun, it’s easy to lose track of time. If you’re not careful, this can be quite dangerous. (当谈及在阳光下开心玩耍，人们很容易忘记时间。如果你不小心，这可能是相当危险的。)”以及后文“But it can

easily be prevented — all you need is a little sunscreen. (但这很容易预防——你所需要的只是一点点防晒霜。)”可知，上文提到在阳光下玩耍不注意会很危险，后文提到了防晒霜，可推测本句是在说明这一危险是晒伤。故D选项“在阳光直射下，不到15分钟就会被晒伤。”符合语境，故选D。

37. B 根据后文“People have been using chemical pastes to protect themselves from the sun for centuries. But the first modern sunscreen sold on the market was offered by French company: L’oreal in 1935. (几个世纪以来，人们一直使用含化学物质的浆糊来保护自己免受日晒。但1935年，法国公司欧莱雅在市场上推出了第一款现代防晒霜。)”可知，本段主要在说明防晒霜的发明历史，故B选项“防晒霜并不是最近才发明的。”符合语境，故选B。

38. E 根据上文“Several other companies were quick to release their own sunscreens. Perhaps the biggest advancement in the world of sunscreen came in the 1970s, when scientists started looking at the sun protection factor, or SPF. (其他几家公司也迅速推出了自己的防晒霜。也许防晒霜领域最大的进步出现在20世纪70年代，当时科学家们开始研究防晒系数。)”可知，上文提到了“防晒系数”一词，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续对此进行解释说明，E选项中This rating对应上文中SPF。故E选项“这个等级是一个显示防晒霜效果的数字。”符合语境，故选E。

39. A 根据上文“The advantages of using sunscreen are obvious. It limits the painful effects of sunburn. (使用防晒霜的好处是显而易见的。它能减轻晒伤带来的痛苦。)”以及后文“Millions of people have died from skin cancer caused by ultraviolet rays (紫外线). (数百万人死于紫外线引起的皮肤癌。)”可知，本段主要在说明防晒霜的益处。后文提到了很多人死于皮肤癌，可推测防晒霜还可以拯救生命，A选项中it指代上文

sunscreen。故A选项“它甚至可以拯救你的生命”符合语境，故选A。

40. F 根据上文“Unfortunately, there are many mistaken ideas about sunscreen.(不幸的是，关于防晒霜有很多错误的观念。)”以及后文“Some also think you only need to put it on once for a whole day’s protection or that you don’t need it on cloudy days. None of these things are true. Experts say you should apply sunscreen every two hours when outside — in the daytime, no matter how dark your skin is or what the weather is like. (也有些人认为你只需要涂一次就能保护一整天，或者阴天不需要。这些都不是真的。专家说，在白天，无论你的皮肤有多黑或天气如何，在户外每两个小时就应该涂一次防晒霜。)”可知，本段主要是关于防晒霜的一些误解，故本句承接上文具体说明人们的误解是什么，F选项中“you have dark skin”对应文中“how dark your skin”。故F选项“人们认为，如果你是深色皮肤，你不需要太多的防晒霜”符合语境，故选F。

第三部分 语言运用

第一节

本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一位父亲通过反思意识到了一直以来对儿子产生误解的根本原因。

41. D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他经常这样做已经一年多了。A. single单个的；B. random随意的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. regular有规律的。根据下文中的“for over a year”和“Each time”可知，作者的儿子经常会把椅子拖到厨房案台跟前。on a regular basis意为“经常地；频繁地”。故选D。

42. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我们看到这种情况发生，我和妻子都会以同样的方式回应——对他大喊，让他住手。A. vote投票；B. teach教；C. respond回应；D. function起作用。根据上文中的“I shouted”和该空后的“shouting at him to stop”可知，作者和妻子的“反应(respond)”一样，都是朝着儿子大喊。故选C。

43. B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但每次我们都感到失望，因为他没有吸取这一教训

。

A. cautious好奇的；B. disappointed失望的；C. nervous紧张的；D. frightened害怕的。由

转折连词But和该空后的“he is not learning this lesson”可知，儿子总是不吸取教训，这让

作者和妻子感到很“失望(disappointed)”。故选B。

44. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我反思这个经常发生的场景时，我意识到我一直在用错误的方式看待这个情况。A. expect期望；B. imagine想象；C. realize意识到；D. predict预测。根据该空前的“As I reflect on this frequently-occurring scene”可知，作者经过反思后，“意识到(realize)”自己看待这件事情的角度不对。故选C。

45. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他拖着椅子，因为iPad的充电器在厨房案台上。A. sofa沙发；B. counter柜台；C. floor地板；D. chair椅子。根据第一段中的“I watched my son, Jake, drag the kitchen chair to the counter (厨房案台)”可知，iPad的充电器在“厨房案台(counter)”上。此处的counter与第一段中的counter形成原词复现。故

选B。

46. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想在充电的时候坐在那里玩。A. charged充电；B. restarted重新开始；C. occupied占据；D. programmed安排。他想在iPad“充电(charged)”的时候坐在那儿玩。上文的“the charger for the ipad”是提示信息。故选A。

47. D 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我的目标是防止地板被损坏，而他的目标是在那里玩。A. since自从；B. until直到；C. unless除非；D. while然而。该空前后两句为对比关系，所以用连词while。故选D。

48. B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们实际上成了彼此之间的障碍，在不知道的情况下挡住了对方的去路。A. stranger陌生人；B. barrier障碍；C. relative亲戚；D. attraction吸引。根据该空后的“getting in each other’s way”可知，这里是说我们成了彼此之间的“障碍(barrier)”。故选B。

49. A 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我们实际上成为了彼此之间的障碍，在不知道的情况下挡住了对方的去路。A. without没有；B. against反对；C. by通过；D. for为了。根据“getting in each other’s way”可知，父母和孩子在“不(without)”知道的情况下挡住了对方的去路。故选A。

50. C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，更深刻的洞察力来自于认识到我是如何快速地、反复地利用我对他的权力以牺牲他想要的东西为代价来得到我想要的东西。A. sincerely真诚地；B. secretly秘密地；C. repeatedly重复地；D. universally普遍地。作者在最后两段中进行了深入的思考和分析，之所以能够有这么深刻的认识主要是因为意识

到了以下一点：自己一直通过权力来让儿子做出牺牲以便获得自己想要得到的。repeatedly在此表示自己一直都是这么做的。故选C。

51. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，更深刻的洞察力来自于认识到我是如何快速地、反复地利用我对他的权力以牺牲他想要的东西为代价来得到我想要的东西。A. cost花费；B. request询问；C. bottom底部；D. mercy仁慈。at the cost of…意为“以牺牲……的利益为代价”。根据“I keep using my power over him to get what I want”可知，作者一直用自己对儿子的权力以牺牲他想要的东西为代价来得到自己想要的东西。故选A。

52. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我提醒自己，我是个成年人，我在教儿子守规矩，让他守规矩，以此为自己的行为辩护。A. consequences结果；B. resistance抵抗；C. strategies策略；D. rules规则。根据“and keeping him in line.”可知，作者在为自己的这种行为辩护，认为自己是成年人，是在给儿子立“规矩(rules)”。故选D。

53. B 考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，如果我花了几分钟来想想他想要的。 A. write down写下；B. think about思考；C. search for寻找；D. put away收拾。根据“I could have made a change that 54 each of us to achieve our goals.”可知，作者认为如果自己稍作思考，“想一想(think about)”儿子到底想要什么，就会对自己的行为做出改变了。故选B。

54. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本可以做出改变，让我们每个人都能实现自己的目标。A. allowed允许；B. expected期望；C. told告诉；D. motivated激发。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。根据“I could have made a change”可知，改变让我们每个人都能实现自己的目标。故选A。

55. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么不把充电器移到客厅沙发旁边呢？A. drag拖；B. lift抬起；C. throw扔；D. move移动。既然意识到了问题所在，作者建议把充电器“移(move)”到客厅。故选D。

第二节

本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了苏州园林。

56. which/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是“classical gardens”，故用which/that。

57. reached 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“during the period from the 16th century and to the 18th century”可知，此处描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。

58. beauty 考查词形转换。根据空前的介词“of”可知，此处应用名词作宾语。

59. in 考查介词。be in good condition“处于良好的状态”，为固定搭配。

60. has 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观情况，且定语从句的先行词“the Humble Administrator’s Garden”是单数，所以谓语动词要用has。

61. larger 考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的“than”可知，此处表示对比，应用形容词的比较级。

62. Considered 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，“consider”和“the garden”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词-ed形式。

63. is divided 考查动词的时态和语态。此处描述一般的情况，应用一般现在时，且“the garden”与“divide”之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。

. extremely 考查副词。空处修饰形容词“elegant”，应用副词。

65. and 考查连词。both...and...表示“……和……都”，为固定用法。

第四部分 写作

第一节

参考范文：

Dear Peter,

Nice to receive your letter, in which you sought for my advice on whether you should choose Chinese as a second language. I consider it as a wise choice.

For one thing, Chinese is certainly one of the oldest and most beautiful languages that are still being used in the world. For another, the handwriting of Chinese is quite special and unique, thus helping you create a new way of thinking.

If you learn Chinese well, you can communicate with the largest population in the world, which provides you with more opportunities to make a career. What’s more, the Chinese language is sure to give you a glimpse of the colourful culture of China.

May you do well in learning Chinese. If you have any problems, don’t hesitate to write to me.

Best wishes.

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节

参考范文：

Paragraph 1:

Everybody was fixing their eyes on Jessy, waiting for an explanation. A flush of

embarrassment came to her cheeks, making Jessy biting her lips. Dead silence suddenly fell. Then came Miss Bella’s voice, “Why is Lee’s watch on your wrist?” Jessy hesitated for a while and decided to tell the truth. However, on second thoughts of the well-prepared speech and the magic of the watch, she changed her mind. “Miss Bella, could I give the speech first and then explain?” She made a request in a tone of begging.

Paragraph 2:

Miss Bella smiled and asked the class to listen to Jessy’s speech first. Jessy

put away her fright, took a deep breath, and made for the platform. Casting a glance at the sea of faces watching her, Jessy cleared her throat and began her speech. “I’m going to talk about swimming…” Word began to flood out of her. “What a terrific speech!” Whispers went around the classroom, and even Miss Bella nodded with approval. Immediately Jessy finished her speech, a storm of applause erupted from the class. Relieved, Jessy told everyone the truth, and especially the magic of the watch. She returned the watch to Lee as she eventually realized the real source of confidence.

听力材料

Text 1

W: Sam, could you come to the party?

M: I’d love to, but I’ll fly to Tokyo on business tonight. I’ll attend some meetings there in the next few days.

Text 2

M: We really must go to the town to buy that medicine right now.

W: I think that’s OK after we have breakfast.

Text 3

W: Why are you in such a hurry?

M: Tomorrow is Children’s Day, but I haven’t got a gift for my brother.

Text 4

M: Concert tickets are 8 dollars for adults, half price for children.

W: OK. I’d like one adult ticket and two children tickets, please.

Text 5

W: That is a great movie, isn’t it? It has some really funny parts, and I think the actors are really good.

M: I agree about the acting, but I don’t think it is funny. I don’t care much for the music.

Text 6

W: Tony, what did you do last night? Did you study?

M: I read our textbooks until 10:30. Then I listened to music and watched TV.

W: TV? You must have watched Wimbledon, on Channel 5.

M: Yes, I’m very fond of tennis, you know.

W: I watched a film, but it wasn’t interesting.

Text 7

W: Hi, David. What would you like to be when you leave school?

M: I have no idea. But my cousin is a sailor in the navy. He sent me postcards from the ports where the ship stops. It’s exciting.

W: Are you going to be a sailor then?

M: Well, I don’t think it’s a good job for me.

W: What do you think of my job, teaching?

M: It’s quite boring. I would prefer to work as a journalist.

Text 8

W: We have got our own home. It must be wonderful to live by ourselves.

M: I have been looking forward to it since we got married.

W: Here I have a dressing table (梳妆台) of my own.

M: Oh, the room is so small. I thought it would be a lot bigger.

W: So did I. After all, it’s a new one. It’s our own house. That’s what really matters. Is that right? Let’s put the chairs in front of the fireplace.

M: Um, but we should first consider where to put the bed. It is the biggest piece of furniture.

W: Well, let’s put it over there. And the chairs near the window.

M: All right. Then you can draw and I can read by the window.

Text 9

W: Why don’t we first visit the art museum in the morning?

M: OK. I like that idea. And where do you want to eat lunch?

W: How about going to an Indian restaurant?

M: Hmm.

W: The guide recommends one downtown a few blocks from the museum.

M: That sounds great. After that, how about visiting the zoo? It says here that there are some very unique animals not found anywhere else.

W: Well, to tell you the truth, I’m not really interested in going there.

M: Really?

W: Yeah. Why don’t we go shopping instead? There are supposed to be some really nice places to pick up souvenirs.

M: Nah, I don’t think that’s a good idea. We only have few traveler’s checks left, and I only have fifty dollars left in cash.

W: Oh well. Let’s take the subway down to the seashore and walk along the beach.

M: Sounds like a wonderful plan.

Text 10

M: My cousin John thinks cars say something about their drivers. He says, “Rich people have expensive cars, big people have large cars, and old people drive old cars.” But I don’t agree with him. My neighbor, Mrs. Green, drives only on Tuesdays. She never drives more than 30 kilometers an hour. Is her car old and small? No, it is new and large. It can go 200 kilometers per hour. My friend Mike is an artist. He paints pictures with lots of colors. But his car is black! Mrs. Bates has a very, very old car. It often has engine trouble. Is she poor? No, she has four restaurants and two million dollars in the bank. My uncle, Joe, has a very small car.

Every Sunday, he drives to the country with his wife, his three children, his mother and their dogs.

Now, you have known about my friends and their cars. Do you agree with my cousin? Does your car say anything about you?