高级英语1 末考复习参考

Paraphrase：

1. We're elevated 23 feet. (para 3)

We're 23 feet above sea level./Our house is 23 feet above sea level.

2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. (para 3) Personification

The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. The house was built in 1915, and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. (para 4) Mataphor

We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. (para 9)

Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.

5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! (para 10) elliptical sentence Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 6. The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para 11)

The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water/destroyed by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. (para 17)

As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. Get us through this mess, will you? (para 17)

Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.

9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. (para 21)

Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.

10. Janis had just one delayed reaction. (para 34)

Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. Janis didn‘t show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she reavealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly.

Translation:

虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。 Despite the great loss the war had brought to the country, the local cultural tradition did not perish.

为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的、具有民族特色的建筑物都被拆毁了。 In order to build modernized buildings, many ancient building with national features had been demolished.

他为实现自己的目标付出了最大的努力，但最后美好的梦想还是化成了泡影。 He made great efforts to achieve his goals, but at last his dreams vanished.

Paraphrase

1) Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them. (Para. 2)

Serious-looking men were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them.

2) At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. (Para. 5)

At last the taxi trip came to an end and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the gigantic City Hall.

3) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)

The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development./ The rather striking picture of traditional floating houses among high, modern buildings represents the constant struggle between traditional Japanese culture and the new, western style.(长一般不考)

4) I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks. (Para. 8)

I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only.

5) The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was. (Para. 10) The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as 1 was．

6) After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible. (Para. 12)

After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual in greeting and to show gratitude．

7) I was about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie. (Para. 18)

I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant．His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking．

8) … and nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor. (Para. 28)

and nurses walked by carrying surgical instruments which were nickel plated and even healthy visitors when they see those instruments could not help shivering.．

9) Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character. (Para. 38) I have the chance to raise my moral standrad because of illness

Translation:

他陷入沉思之中，没有理会同伴们在谈些什么。

He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.

大家在几分钟以后才领悟他话中的含意。

His words sank in after a few minutes.

我可以占用你几分钟的时间吗？

Could you spare me a few minutes?

你能匀出一张票子给我吗？

Could you spare me a ticket?

Unit 3

1) ―Don‘t worry, son, we‘ll show them a few tricks.‖

Don‘t worry, young man. We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.

2) The case had erupted round my head„

The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently.

3). No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history.

I was the last one to expect that my case would become one of the most famous trials in the US history.

4) ―That‘s one hell of a jury!‖

The jury is completely in appropriate. 5)

―Today it is the teachers,‖ he continued, “and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers.‖

―Today it is the teachers who are put on trial because of teaching scientific theory,” he continued to say, ―Soon the magazines, the books and the newspapers will not be allowed to spread ideas of science.‖

6). ―There is some doubt about that,‖ Darrow snorted.

―There is some doubt about whether man has reasoning power,‖ said Darrow scornfully. 7). „accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. „accused Bryan of leading to a fight between science and religion.

8). Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related.

People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether they and the apes could have a common ancestry.

9). Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defense.

Darrow surprised everyone by asking for Bryan as a witness for the defense which was a clever idea.

10 )My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrow‘s hand. I feel sorry for Bryan as the spectators rushed past him to congratulate Darrow.

我没有预料到会卷入这场争端。

I did not anticipate that I would get involved in this dispute.

陪审团讨论了一番，最终裁决他有罪。

The jury deliberated and brought in a verdict of guilty.

观众对被告充满了同情心。

The spectators‘ hearts went out to the defendant.

1. … it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke (para 1 ) 2. The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. (para 3) 3. They have taken as their model a brick set on end. (para 3)

4. This they have converted into a thing of dingy clapboards, with a narrow, low-pitched roof. (para 3)

5. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (para 4)

6. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. ( para 4)

7. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (para 5) 8. They show grotesqueries of ugliness that, in retrospect, become almost diabolical. (para5) 9. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. (para 6)

10. On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly (para 7)

11. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. (para 7) 12. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (para 9)

上海世博会的文化多样性是世界上有史以来最为丰富的。

The cultural diversity in the Shanghai Expo is the richest ever seen on earth.

那个地区的贫困状况几乎是无法想像的。

The poverty status in that area is almost beyond imagination.

尽管遭受了特大自然灾害，灾区的人民依然相信爱、相信未来。

Despite the serious natural disaster they suffered from, people in disaster-stricken area still believe in love and believe in future.

不少儿童对网络游戏的爱好近于痴狂。

Many children‘s love for online games borders upon craziness.

1. This dreadful scene makes all human endeavors to advance and improve their lot appear as a ghastly, saddening joke.

2. The country itself is pleasant to look at, despite the sooty dirt spread by the innumerable mills in this region.

3. The model they followed in building their houses was a brick standing upright. /

All the houses they built looked like bricks standing upright. 4.

5. When the brick is covered with the black soot of the mills it takes on the color of a rotten egg.

6. Red brick, even in a steel town, looks quite respectable with the passing of time. / eeEven in a steel town, old red bricks still appear pleasing to the eye.

7. I have given Westmoreland the highest award for ugliness after having done a lot of hard work and research and after continuous praying.

8. They show such fantastic and bizarre ugliness that, in looking back, they become almost fiendish and wicked./ When one looks back at these houses whose ugliness is so fantastic and bizarre, one feels they must be the work of the devil himself.

9. It is hard to believe that people built such horrible houses just because they did not know what beautiful houses were like.

10. People in certain strata of American society seem definitely to hunger after ugly things; while in other less Christian strata, people seem to long for things beautiful.

11. These ugly designs, in some way that people cannot understand, satisfy the hidden and unintelligible demands of this type of mind.

12. The place where this psychological attitude is found is the United States.

对贫困的担心使他忧心重重。

He is obsessed with fear of poverty.

那时许多儿童死于天花。

Many children succumbed to small pox then.

历史课使我对古代文明有所了解。

The history course has acquainted me with ancient civilizations.

1) Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure

2) The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied-- a cosmos. 3) All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic

4) Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well.

5) He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada's Washoe region.

6) Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. 7) \"It was a splendid population – for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home... 8) 'Well, that is California all over’'\"

9) \"What a robust people, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only lay ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges.\"

10) The last of his own illusions seemed to have crumbled near the end. 参

2) In his new profession as a pilot of steamboat he could meet people of all kinds.

3) All would reappear in his books, written in the colorful language that he seemed to be able to remember and record as accurately as a phonograph.

4) Steamboat decks were filled with people of pioneering spirit and also lawless people or social outcasts such as hustlers, gamblers and thugs. 5) He went west to Nevada horse

pull public vehicle, following the flow of people in the Gold Rush. 6) Mark Twain began working hard to became well known locally as a newspaper reporter and humorist.

7) Those who came pioneering out west were energetic, courageous and reckless people, because those who stayed at home were slow, dull and lazy people. 8) That's typical of California.

9) If we relaxed, rested or stayed away from all this crazy struggle for success occasionally and kept the daring and enterprising spirit, we would be able to remain strong and healthy and continue to produce great thinkers.

10) At the end of his life, he lost the last bit of his positive view of man and the world.

这件衬衣与裙子的颜色和式样都不相配。

This blouse doesn't match the color or the style of the dress.

这位在下汽车时碰到两个。

Stepping off from the car, the official was confronted by two terrorists.

只要我们坚持这些原则，我们就会成功。

As long as we stick to these principles, we will surely be successful.

这个典故的来源很难查找到。

It is very difficult to trace this allusion to its source.

Lesson 1

1. 2. 3. 4.

\"We can batten down and ride it out,\" he said. (Para. 4) metaphor

Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification

The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile

He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: “Get us through this mess, will You?”(Para. 17) alliteration 5. The Personification

6. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. (Para.19)

personification

7. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to

watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. （Para. 20）transferred epithet

8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.

（Para. 20）simile、personification

9. and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28) simile

10. …household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31)

metaphor

Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the ―Liveliest‖ City in Japan

1. Hiroshima—the ―liveliest‖ City in Japan.Irony

2. …as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop... (alliteration) 3. Because I had a lump in my throat…. (metaphor) 4. At last this intermezzo came to an end… (metaphor)

5. But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and

ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)

6. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from

earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. [euphemism] 7. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan(synecdoche 提喻) adrift amid

beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt[metonymy] paragraph7

8. I now stood on the site of the first atomic bomardment, where thousands upon

thuosands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.(parallelism+ hyperbole) 9. This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that illness

has brought me. Irony

10. There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the

name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)

Lesson 4

1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we

were waiting for the court to open. (transferred epithet) 2. Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted (ridicule) 3. He is here because ignorance and bigotry are rampant, and it is a mighty strong

combination. (sarcasm)

4. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are

marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) irony

5. There is some doubt about that. (sarcasm)

6. \"The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that

he must have come from below\"(antithesis)

7. \"His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.\"

(hyperbole)

8. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with t

he hot breath of his oratory as he should have. (metaphor) 22

9. The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan. 10. DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.(pun)

11. Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fanlike a sword to repel his enemies. (ridicule) 12. Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.(ridicule)

13. A woman whispered loudly as he finished his address

Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, \"victorious defeat.\" ( oxymoron )

Lesson 5 The libido for the ugly

1. Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and

characteristic activity (line 6) metaphor

2. …the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth… hyperbole 3. Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination every house in sight …

…there was not one in fight from the train that did not insult(侮辱)and lacerate (hurt) the eye. hyperbole

There was not a single decent house within eye range from the Pittsburgh to the Greensburg yards. There was not one that was misshapen, and there was not one that was not shabby. ( line 26) Ever seen (line59) Hyperbole\\

4. They would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides. personification 5.

On their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. Metaphor(line 46) And one and all they are streaked in grim, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks. Metaphor (line 49)

When it has taken on the patina of the mills, it is the color of a fried egg. When it has taken on the patina of the mills, it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. Metaphor (Line 52)

6. I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer. Irony (line 60) 7. N.J. and Newport News, Va.Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy 8.

9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

a) (line67) Metonymy

But in the American village and small town the pull is always towards ugliness, and in that Westmoreland valley it has been yielded to with an eagerness bordering upon passion. Ridicule (line 88)

It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror. Irony (line 90)

On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be positive libido for the ugly, as on the other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful. line 91 Antithesis

The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for the dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar A.Guest. Metaphor

And some of them are appreciably better. Line 109 Sarcasm

They like it as it is : beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them. Sarcasm The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. Metaphor

Let some honest Privat Dozent in pathological sociology apply himself to the problem. Sarcasm

Lesson 6Mark Twain --- Mirror of America

1. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huch Finn‘s(simile/ metaphor :great

auther) idyllic cruise through the eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer‘s endless summer of freedom and adventure. (Para.1) Hyperbole

2. …a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a back wall of night. (Para.1) metaphor

3. The geographic core, in Twain‘s early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River,

main artery of transportation in the young nation‘s heart. (Para.3) metaphor

4. …the cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied—a cosmos.

(Para.4) hyperbole alliteration metaphor

5. Steamboats decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its

flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. (Para.5) Metaphor

6. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and persistent,

(Para.5) metaphor

7. …between what people claim to be and what they really are. (Para.5) Antithesis 8. …dlilgently avoided contact with the enemy. euphemism

9. From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. (Para.8) metaphor

10. The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making

money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. (Para.8) metonymy 11. … then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers. (Para.8) metaphor

12. Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing(metonymy) muscles… (Para.9)

metaphor

13. It was a splendid population——for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stay at

home… (Para.9) alliteration

14. ―It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises

and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring (alliteration) and a recklessness of coat or consequences, which she bears onto this day——and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world( transferred epithet) smiles(personification) as usual, and says ‗Well, this is California all over.‘‖ (Para.9)

15. ―…one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler(able to do sth.)man in a night‖

Sarcasm

16. America laughed with him. (Para.13) personification

17. Tom‘s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and sweet innocence of his affection for …..( Para.15)

transferred epithet

18. Six chapters into Tom Sawyers, he drags in ―the juvenile pariah….‖ (Para.16) metaphor

19. I have tried it, and I don‘t work; it don‘t work, Tom. It ain‘t for me…The widder eats by a bell;

she goes to bed by a bell; she gits up by a bell—everything‘s so awful reg‘lar body can‘t stand it.(Para.16) alliteration parallelism repetition

20. Nine years after Tom Sawyer swept the nation. ( Para.17) metaphor

21. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. (Para21)personification/metaphor 22. dictating his autobiography late in life, he commented with a crushing sense of despair on

men‘s final release from earthly struggles. (Para.22) euphemism

23. … a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.(Para.22) personification

Lesson 7Everyday Use for your grandmamma

1. ―Maggie‘s brain is like an elephant‘s‖. Wangero said ,laughing .( simile ) 2. ―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird ―can I have these old quilts?‖(simile) 3. …showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse… 4. After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …(metaphor)

5. And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration) 6. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule

tail. (simile)

7. Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person

rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)

8. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration) 9. Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the

scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. (simile) 10. It is like an extended living room. (simile)

11. Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue. 12. My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile) 13. She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)

14. Wangero said, sweet as a bird. (simile)

15. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me

looking a strange white man in the eye? (rhetorical question)

16. You didn‘t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and

down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)