高中英语---不定式和动名词做主语的区别
不定式和动名词作主语的区别
非谓语动词除了不能作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语。
非谓语动词中,不定式和动名词都可以做主语,也都可以借助于it把不定式和动名词移到句子后面。
一般来说,不定式作主语,表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作;动名词作主语,表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行。
如:Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)
通常只用不定式作主语的5种情况:
1.It is necessary/important /impossible/ difficult…(for sb. ) to do sth. 句型 如:It is necessary for us to master a foreign language. 我们有必要掌握一门外语
2.It is kind /foolish/clever/stupid/nice/rude/careless/friendly…(of sb. ) to do sth. 句型,形容词常修饰人的特征
如: It is very kind of you to help us. 你帮助我们真是太好了 3. It takes/cost/require/make sb./sth. to do sth. 句型
如It took me two hours to finish the work. 我完成那项工作用了两小时 4.不定式和when/where/how/what/whether等连用,在句子中做主语 如:Whether to do it hasn’t been decided. 是否去做还没有决定 5.主语被否定时
如:Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions. 绝望是最糟糕的事
通常只用动名词用主语的6种情况:
1.含形容词的句子,It is good/foolish/wonderful/ useless/ difficult / nice doing句型中
如: It is useless try again. 再试也没用
2.含名词的句子,It is no fun/luck/pleasure/relief/mistake/pain/use/good句型中
如: It is no use waiting here doing nothing. 无所事事地等待是没有用的 3. There is no (use/help/need) doing sth句型
如: There is no knowing what may happen in that case.如果那样的话不知道会发生什么事 4.在疑问句中
如:Is doing morning exercises good for your health? 做早操对身体有益处吗?
5.在某些动词的被动式前
如: Walking on the grass is forbidden. 禁止在这草地上行走。 6.在No smoking!之类的布告语中。
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高中英语---不定式和动名词做主语的区别
经典例题 1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
A.Travel B.Traveling
C.Having traveled D.Traveled
2.【2014·高考1卷】It took years of work __65__ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
3.【2014·山东卷】9. It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.
A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs
4.【2008·上海】35. Something as simple as ______ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.
A.to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk 【答案解析】 1.B。
考点1:考察动名词在句首,作主语。句子意思:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。
2.to redcue。
考点2:考察不定式作主语,用it作形式主语,不定式作真正主语;句型:It takes some time to do sth。 3.C.
考点3:考察不定式作主语,用it作形式主语,不定式作真正主语;句型:It’s +名词 + for sb. to do sth.。
句意:像这样的一个公司雇用一名保安是惯例。不定式作主语,可以以it作形式主语;动名词作主语时,以it做形式主语的较少。
4.B。
考点4:参考句子中并列成分,选择与并列成分一致的形式
句中的Something as simple as drinking some cold water共同作主语,谓语是clear和relieve。不定式虽然也可以作主语,但在此题中有as…as结构,所以要选择和something较一致的动名词而不是不定式。
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