2O18 No.2 An Analysis of the Causes and Countermeasures Of China’s Pension¨Empty Account¨ YAOYiran Shanghai University ofEngineering Science No.333 Longteng Road,Son ̄iang DistricLShanghai,China 1 505589755@qq.tom Abstract:This paper analyzes and explains the causes ofthe”empty account”of our countryIs basic pension personal account based on the speciic economic condiftions and social backgrounds of each period in China.Explained that the”empty account”phenomenon of pension insurance is not niversalluy believed to be caused by”high accumulation and low consumption”economic development policies.The author puts forward two ideas for”filling up the air”in he tindividual pension account:1.Ensure hatt he tbasic pension maintains its value.2. Accelerate he consttruction ofindividual pension accounts. Keywords:old--age insurance;open—-end accounts;pay-as-·you·-go;personal accounts 1.The status quo of the”empty account”problem of China s pension Social Securiy,said,”Accorditng to the forecast,China’s populationdependency ratiowill reach 2-3:1”fromthe current 2.8: 1 in 2050. Therefore,based on such a severe situation,it is necessary to The so—called”empty account”problem of pensions refers to the fact that employees have not established individual accounts under he pay-as—you-go pensiton scheme,and they are either from pay-as-you··go systems to full-·accumulation or carry out in—depth exploration and analysis of the causes of the ”empty account”phenomenon in China’s basic pension insurance personal account.Under the new circumstances,how to properly partial-accumulation systems.At the time of the transition,there was no accumulation of funds in the personal accounts of the employees of his secttion from the time they participated in the work to the establishment of the new system,and there was a phenomenon of”namelessness”. According to the”China Pension Development Report 20 1 6,” the cumulative amount of accounts for individua1 accounts of urban employees’basic pension insurance in 201 5 has reached 4.7 trillion yuan.Hong Lei,president of the China Fund Industry Association,pointed out:”At present,individual account accounts for basic pensions have been partially accounted for at the overall leve1.”China’s old-age insurance is an overall plan at the provincial handle and handle the”empty account”problem of pensions is particularly prominent. 2.The causes of the”empty account”of China s pension As for how to solve the problem of the”empty account”of pensions in China,we must first clarify the reasons for the”empty account”of pensions.What is the”empty account”of pensions? The prevailing view in academic circles points out that”empty accounts” are the instiutitonal consequences of the ”high-accumulation.1ow—consumption”distribution policy that China used during the planned economy(Zhao Jianguo,2000). This view seems to have a certain degree of persuasiveness,but it level,and the diferences in the operation of pension funds between the provinces are actually quite large.According to the ”China Social Insurance Development Annua1 Report 2015”.the provinces wih high pensiton balances can guarantee 50 months of payment,and the pension insurance funds for urban enterprise also cannot withstand more detailed analysis and scrutiny. First of all,China’s wages for employees in the planned economy period are not necessarily low.It is undeniable that during the planned economy period,the nominal wages of Chinese workers and workers are indeed at a low leve1.However,taking into account the socio—economic development at the time,the extremely low price level for he employees ditd not mean that their actual wage purchasing power was low.Moreover,at the time,unit employees in the six provinces of Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Jilin, Hebei,Shaanxi,and Qinghai have been received.If you don’t pay, he accumulatted balance is basically used up.The Secretary—General of he World Socialt Security Research Center of employees could enjoy all kinds of immediate benefits such as welfare housing allocation.Compared with the current social the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Fang Lianquan,gave a rtend.”The ratio of population dependency ratio fthe ratio of population dependency to the total population is the ratio of the conditions,this can be regarded as a considerable income. Therefore,the economic burden on employees during that period was relatively light.On the other hand,if employees of enterprises are completely relying on their own ifnancial resources to purchase their houses.they will not make loans.”For housing”is almost impossible. non—working age population to the working age population)from 20 years ago 5:l dropped to 2.8:1 now.which led to he gtrowth of basic pension income that was not able to keep up with the increase in expenditure.”In other words,more than 20 years ago,it was the 5 able—bodied young people who raised an old man;now, 2.8 young people have an old man.This downward trend has not stopped.Jia Jiang,deputy director of the Department of Then,if China has already established an old—age insurance fund during the planned economy,the use of this fund under the prevailing economic and social conditions was none other than for Endowment Insurance of the Ministry of Human Resources and the national economic construction,the construction of new International English Education Research enterprises,or the expansion and reconstruction of existing Regulations of 1951.At this point in 1969,the company’s actual contribution was equal to the pension premium for the same enterprises.If we say that the current”empty account”of China’s old-age insurance is caused by the state’s use of funds as investment,then we can reflect on why the funds are also used as investment under the complete accumulation model of the planned period,which meant that the company had reduced its pension contributions.As a result。the scale of”empty accounts”in China’s individual pension account has expanded. economy period.Pensions are not WiIl there be an”empty account”problem?Secondly,in fact,the current phenomenon of ”empty accounts”in pensions is not merely a matter of saying that Finally,the rapidly increase in the ageing population in China has exerted enormous pressure on the pension system.Not only does it need to increase the replacement rate ofpensions,but it also the personal accounts of people who particir)ated in the work before the reform of the old-age insurance system were partially has a divisive effect on the pension reserve of pension insurance, making its total amount decrease. 3.Responsibility Sharing and Coping Strategies of China"s ”empty”before the reform,and The personal accounts of employees after the reform are also in an”empty account”state. Therefore,the”empty account”problem of pension insurance is due to the fact that the viewpoint of”re-accumulation and light consumption”is not appropriate. Based on hte above analysis,we can clearly conclude that hte current”empty accounts”problem in China’s current personal accounts for pension insurance is not due to the economic development policy of”re—accumulation and light consumption” under the planned economy system in China.In fact,according to Feldstein,the pay-as-you—go pension system will reduce savings and increase consumption(Feldstein,1 998).Therefore,we must make reasonable attribution explanations for the causes of the ”empty account”problem in China’s pension. We can understand in a simple way htat insurance companies ’’saving”insurance premiums of first-generation policyholders.In insurance actuarial science,this part of funds is called liability reserve.This is because the pension for the fisrt·generation policyholder can be paid by the pension insurance payment of hte second-generation policyholder.Therefore, under normal circumstances,the liability reserves are fixed and do not move. However,when the insurer appears to have reduced the number of insured personnel,the premium paid by the new policyholder will not be sufifcient to meet the current pensioner’s pension payment. At this time,it is necessary to use the liability reserve to pay for the missing pension.gold.Moreover.the existing reserve nd should be exactly the same for all existing policyholders for the payment of pensions.Our country implements the basic old—age insurance system of the”integrated accounts”mode1.It only converts a part ofthe pay-as-you-go pension into a personal account pension. Based on the above analysis,it is now possible to make a reasonable explanation for the current problem of the”empty account”of pension insurance in China.At the time,China was affected by the”Culutral Revolution”.In 1969,the Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China issued the”Decision on the ReforlTl of Several Systems of State.0wned Enterprises in the Financial Work(Draft)”,turning social insurance into”corporate insurance”.and was originally responsible for the entire country. This means that at the time of 1 969.the cumulative contribution of pension insurance exceeds the total amount of pension insurance issued.This also means that the accumulated liabiliyt reserves have been taken away.Therefore,the cumulative liability reserve that was taken out of this part is the scale of the”empty account”of hte nidividual account.Then,the earliest basis for setting up a pension system for urban enterprises in China was the Labor Insurance Pension”Filling Up” Through the above analysis of the causes of the”empty account”ofpensions.we can see that the”empty account”problem of China’s pension individual account should be resolved by the parties responsible for the problem.First,national finance should have important responsibilities.Second,enterprises should bear important responsibilities,but the responsibilities of enterprises should be limited.Zheng Bingwen.director of the World Social Secufi ̄Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,publicly stated that If China s retirement age is delayed by one year.the pension nd can increase by 4 billion yuan. reduce expendiutres by 1 6 billion yuan,and reduce the fund gap by 20 billion yuan. hTerefore,for the”social care”such a big social issue concerning people’s livelihood,merely”thrifty”is not desirable,to be innovative’’open source”.At present,the first focus of work is to ensure that hte basic pension(pension stock)maintains its value. At the end of 201 6,the investment opemtion of the pension insurance fund was ofifcially launched. 4.Conclusion At present,fi-om the perspective of the nature of investment products.the investment direction of pension insurance funds is still mainly fund-based.At the same time,Zheng Bingwen,director of the World Social Securiyt Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,believes that the introduction of pensions into the market will open up the value investment switch, which will have the objective effect of curbing short-term speculative psychology,and will ultimately help contain the ups and downs of volatiliyt in the stock index,and is expected to become a”stock market”and a”ballast stone” Secondly,accelerating the construction of individual pension accounts is also the current trend.The”Decision of the State Council on Reform of the Enterprise Employee Endowment Insurance System”issued by the State Council in 1 99 1 clearly stated that”the system of combining the basic old_age insurance with me enteIprise’s s叩plementaDr end0wment insurance and tl1e emplOyee’s personal endOwment insurance system shaI1 be gradua y establishe ARer nearly 3O years,China’s O1d-age insurance system is in a state o the first pi1lar is the only one,the secOnd pi1】ar is the sh0n board,and the third pilld『r is stil1 relatively weak.”At present,it is urgent to adv0cate and devel0p the廿1ird pi1lar of the pers0nal pension system.With me impmvement of the financial market and the continuous growth Of nationa1 weam1,the pers0nal pensi0n system Of tlle third pillar has becOme the 一69— 2O18 No.2 inevitable choice for the state,unit and citizen under the current economic and social conditions. Thirdly,China must effectively achieve the”wide coverage and multi-participation”of the third pillar institutional system. Therefore,relative to the development of he ftirst pillar and the second pillar,the relatively slow development situation of he tthird pillar in China requires that the state mobilizes the enthusiasm and initiative of employees to participate in personal savings pension insurance through tax incentives and adopts appropriate reductions in payment.The base and other policies and measures will play a role in”filling叩he air”ftor individual accounts,SO as to fully 【3】Li Shaoguang,Drawing state—owned assets and repaying pension implicit debt,Economics Dynamics,vo1.10,PP.57—60, 2004. 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