施工经验总结新手可用Constructionexperiencesummarynoviceavailable

施工经验总结(新手)可用（Constructionexperience summary

(novice)available）

Constructionexperience summary (novice) available

Foundationtest trough or test pile

Checkslot (shallow foundation), will be accompanied by the

staffsurvey together, and whether the field investigation

report,if there is abnormal place, nature of the main

observationbearing layer, such as we are in the area of shallow

foundationNo. 2 Hicks. The soil is hard, yellowish brown color,

alsowill be mixed with some differentiation material the other

sideof the 2. The soil is thin, generally is 1~2 meters, so

thesite can be used 12 rib steel insert bearing layer, see after

theremoval of the soil and the depth in the steel stick to

determineits thickness. The pile (pile), which are mainly

basedon the bearing capacity of the pile to calculate the pile

machinetonnage according to check, soil geological report any

abnormal(mainly through the pile pile up to judge), observe

thelast 1 meters used in degree, the pile up phenomenon is

obvious,the current pile machine check. Especially the strict

controlof cast-in-place piles to a filling coefficient of

cementmixing. Mixing piles shall focus on controlling the

watercement ratio, the cement content per metre, and the number

ofre stir

Basicreinforcement acceptance:

Asthe name suggests, the focus of course is to check the

reinforcement,including steel information is not

comprehensive,factory reports, approach reports,

experimentalreports

Thescene also according to the drawings to check the steel

spacing\ location] wire is not consistent with the

specifications\ basic size, protective layer thickness of

welding,check the quality of appearance

Askfor the test report of welded joints. The length of joint,

thelength of anchorage, and the quality of the reinforcement

worksbest at the joints (the main beam and the main beam, the

LiangZhu joint)

Measured.The additional reinforced beam, such as beam hanger

andfloor hanger setting mode is the opposite. The steel bar

atthe lower end of the horizontal section length.

Isthe position firmly secured?

Thestirrup settings are correct. The template support is

solid.^^^^^in their familiar drawings, and acceptance.

Acceptanceof intermediate structures

Generalengineering can mainly concrete quality \ masonry

qualityand detailed components and roofing these three aspects

tosum up

Concreteaspects:

Reinforcedconcrete, quality common fault, prevention measures

Aconcrete, Ma

Phenomenon:the surface of concrete is short of coarse or coarse,

orthere are many small pits, but there is no reinforcement or

gravelexposed.

Reasonanalysis:

1,the template or rough surface cleaning is not clean, sticky

drycement mortar and other debris, Chaimo concrete surface

viscosityloss.

2,steel template release agent brushing uneven, Chaimo

concretesurface bonding template.

3,the template joint assembly is not tight, the grouting leak

whenpouring concrete.

4,concrete vibration is not dense, concrete bubble not

discharged,part of the bubble stays on the surface of the

template.

Preventivemeasures: clean the surface of the template, must

notstick with dry, hard cement, mortar and other debris. Wood

templatebefore pouring concrete, with water fully wet, clean,

withoutleaving water, so that the template gap stitching tight,

suchas gaps, fill strict, prevent leakage. Steel template

coatingagent should be painted evenly, shall not leak brush.

Concretemust be in accordance with operating procedures,

layered,uniform vibration compaction, to prevent leakage, and

everylayer of concrete vibration until the bubble to exclude.

Processingmethod: pits mainly affect the concrete appearance,

forrepairing large area. The pits parts water scrub, fully wet

wetcement smooth.

Two,honeycomb

LocalSusong phenomenon: the concrete, mortar less gravel, the

gapbetween the stones, honeycomb hole formation.

Reasonanalysis:

1,concrete mix ratio is not reasonable, gravel or cement

materialmeasurement error, or water is not allowed, resulting

inless gravel, gravel and more.

2,concrete mixing time is short, no mixing even, concrete and

easyto bad, vibration is not dense.

3,not according to operating procedures pouring concrete,

improperblanking, so that the concentration of gravel,

resultingin concrete segregation.

4,the concrete once too much material, no subsection, layered

perfusion,vibration or false, or material and vibration, with

bad,not allowed to vibration, vibration and blanking.

5,the template hole is not blocked, or the stability of the

templateis inadequate, vibration concrete template

displacement,resulting in serious leakage.

Preventivemeasures: concrete batching, strict control of

mixingratio, regular inspection, ensure accurate material

measurement(electronic automatic measurement). Concrete

mixinguniform, consistent color, the shortest time to comply

withthe provisions of the regulations. The free dumping height

ofconcrete shall not exceed 2m, if it is exceeded, measures

suchas string, chute and other measures shall be taken. The

tampingand tamping of the concrete shall not exceed 1.25 times

thelength of the acting part of the vibrator. When tamping

concretemixture, the moving distance of the inserted vibrator

isnot more than 1.5 times of its action radius; the fine

aggregateconcrete mixture is no more than 1 times of its action

radius.The distance from the vibrator to the template is less

than1/2 of the effective radius of the vibrator. In order to

ensurethe good combination of the upper and lower concrete,

thevibrating bar is inserted into the lower concrete 5cm and

vibratedconcrete, and the vibrating time of each point must

bemastered. The proper vibrating phenomenon is that concrete

isno longer sinking significantly and no more bubbles. When

pouringconcrete, often observe the template, found that the

templatemove around, immediately stop pouring, and in concrete

precoagulation before finishing intact.

Methods:a small cellular concrete governance, first rinse with

water,then with 1: 2 or 1: 2.5 cement mortar repair, if it is

abig honeycomb, the first will loose gravel and prominent

diameterparticles,try to form a bell mouth, mouth large, then

rinseclean and moist, with a high level of fine stone concrete

tamping,strengthen maintenance.

Threeholes

Phenomenon:there is a gap in the concrete structure, there is

noconcrete locally.

Reasonanalysis:

1,in the dense reinforcement or embedded parts, concrete

pouringis not smooth, not full space template.

2,vibration is not sequentially concrete, resulting in leakage

vibration.

3,concrete segregation, or serious running slurry.

4,concrete construction organization is not good, not in

accordancewith the construction sequence and construction

processseriously.

5,concrete lumps and debris mixed with wood or other bulky

materialsinto concrete.

6,not according to the provisions of the material, too many

materialsat one time, the lower part of the vibration due to

vibrationcan not reach the radius, forming a loose state.

Preventivemeasures:

1,in the reinforcement of dense place, can use fine stone

concretepouring, make the concrete full of template gap, and

seriouslyvibration compaction. When mechanical vibration is

difficult,manual tamping can be used.

2.The holes are placed on both sides at the same time. The lower

partis often filled with discontent and vibration is not real.

Themeasures taken in the lateral opening shall be taken. After

thevibration is compacted, the template shall be sealed again,

andthen poured upwards.

3,using the correct vibration method, to prevent leakage

vibration.A. insert vibrator adopts vertical vibrating method,

thatis, vibrating bar and concrete surface vertical or oblique

vibration,that is, vibrating bar and concrete surface to a

certainangle, about 40 degrees to 45 degrees. B.

Thevibrator can be evenly arranged by inserting points, and

canbe moved in a staggered or staggered sequence, so as not

toleak out. Each moving distance is no more than 1.5 times of

theradius of the vibrator. When the vibrator is operating,

insertthe plug slowly.

4,control the blanking. To ensure that concrete does not

producesegregation when pouring, concrete free dumping height

isnot more than 2m, greater than 2m, with chute, string,

cylinderand other materials.

5,to prevent sand, stone mixed with Clay Lumps of ice or other

debris,debris found in concrete, timely clean.

6,strengthen the construction technology management and

qualityinspection work.

Forthe treatment of concrete holes, it is necessary to study

jointlywith the units concerned and formulate a strengthening

scheme,which can be dealt with after approval

Four,exposed tendons

Phenomenon:the rebar in the reinforced concrete structure is

exposedto the concrete surface.

Reasonanalysis:

1,when the concrete is vibrated, the steel pad is moved or the

cushionblock is too little or even leaked, and the steel bar

clingsto the template.

2,reinforced concrete structure cross-section is smaller,

steelbar too close, if in case of large diameter, gravel on

thesteel bar, concrete slurry can not be full of steel

reinforcementaround.

3,due to improper mixing, concrete segregation, or serious

leakageof slurry template.

4,when the concrete vibration, vibrating bar hit the steel bar,

sothat the steel shift.

5,the protective layer of concrete vibrator is not dense, or

woodtemplate wet concrete surface is not enough, too much water

loss,or early form removal, Chaimo concrete missing edge off

angle.

Preventivemeasures:

1、beforepouring concrete, check whether the steel position

andprotective layer thickness is accurate.

2,in order to ensure the thickness of the concrete protective

layer,we should pay attention to fixing the cushion block.

Usuallyaround 1m or so, a cement mortar block is attached to

thesteel bar.

3,when the reinforcement is denser, choose the appropriate

sizeof crushed stones. The maximum particle size shall not

exceed1/4 of the minimum size of the structural cross section,

andshall not exceed 3/4 of the net clearance of the steel bars.

Whenthe structural section is smaller and the reinforcing bar

isclose, the fine stone concrete can be used for pouring.

4,in order to prevent the shift of steel bars, it is strictly

prohibitedto strike the bar with the vibrator.

5,concrete free down height more than 2m, with string cylinder

orchute and so on.

6,the removal time according to the sample test results to

determine,to prevent premature removal.

7,the operation shall not trample steel, such as steel bending,

ortripping, timely straightening, repair, tie, tie.

Managementmethods: the concrete exposed steel bars and rust

residueclean, rinse with water wet, and then 1: 2 or 1: 2.5

cementmortar pressure formation, such as reinforcement of deep,

theweak concrete removed, washed clean and moist, with a high

levelof fine stone concrete compaction, careful maintenance.

Five,missing edges, angle off

Phenomenon:partial drop of concrete, irregular structure,

edgesand corners are defective.

Reasonanalysis:

1,the wooden template in pouring concrete is not wet or wet

enough,after pouring concrete maintenance is not good, the

edgeof concrete water is absorbed by a large number of

templates,resulting in concrete hydration is not good, the

strengthdecreased.

2,construction, premature removal of bearing template.

3,Chaimo impact force or weight, or not to protect the edges,

beknocked off.

4,winter construction, concrete local cold.

Preventivemeasures: the wooden formwork is fully wetted before

pouringconcrete, and the concrete is carefully watered and

protectedafter pouring. When removing the load-bearing

formworkof reinforced concrete structure, the concrete has

enoughstrength, and the surface and edges and corners are not

damaged.

Nottoo hard too Chaimo, pay attention to protect the edges, lifting, nonimpact angular template. To strengthen the protection of finishedproduct, for many people, such as material transport channel at theconcrete corner, after stripping available channel will protect thecorner, so as to avoid collision damage. Concrete pouring in winter,good insulation work, strengthen the temperature measurement, taketimely measures to prevent cold.

Treatmentmethods: missing edge off angle is small, the water rinse can be wirebrushed fully wet, with 1: 2 or 1: 2.5 are filled with cement mortar.Can be false concrete and
outstandingaggregate particles, except for water washed clean and humid, andthen with a higher concrete than the original level of fine stoneconcrete repair, seriously conservation.

Six.Interlayer of construction joint

Phenomenon:the construction of joints at the seams is not good, there are gapsor folders with debris, resulting in structural integrity of thepoor.

Reasonanalysis:

1,before pouring concrete, did not seriously deal with the surface ofthe construction joint, before pouring,
incompletelyenough.

2,when pouring mass concrete structure, often layered, subconstruction. During the construction period, there are often piecesof wood, sawdust and other debris accumulated in the

concretesurface, not seriously checked and cleaned, again

pouringconcrete mixed with concrete, in the construction

jointscause debris interlayer

Preventivemeasures:

1,in the construction joints continue to pour concrete, such

asintermittent time exceeds the regulation, then according to

constructionjoints processing, in concrete compressive

strengthis not less than 1.2Mpa, allowed to continue

perfusion.

2,on the hardened concrete surface continue to pour concrete,

removethe surface cement film and loose gravel or weak concrete

layer,and fully moist and rinse clean, residual in the concrete

surfacewater to clear.

3,before pouring,

Theconstruction joints should be paved with cement paste

first.

Treatmentmethod: when the surface crack is thinner, the water

canbe cleaned by the water, and the water is fully wetted.

Carefulhandling of the mezzanine. Before strengthening, the

temporarysupport can be used before the reinforcement can be

carriedout. The sundries in the interlayer and the soft

concreteare removed, cleaned with water, fully moistened and

repoured, and compacted with fine stone concrete with a first

strengthgrade and seriously maintained.

Masonryaspect:

Mainlyto see the full degree of mortar joints, surface

smoothnessof verticality, door and window lintel settings, the

heightof the hole size, doors and windows; doors and windows

fixed(pre buried cement brick, fixed spacing), through local

joint(light), masonry tie bar construction hole setting. Local

damagerepair. Joint internal cleanup work, ^^^^^ concrete or

masonrycode, see

Detailand roofing

Separatethe details and the roof, mainly because there are many

problemshere. According to different projects, there are

specificcases

Themain problem: the balcony board awning, pick component,

roofdecoration elements, stairs, etc. the roof waterproof

problem.

Mainexperience Watch

Thesize of beam plate positioning whether the design

requirements,the forming quality how, whether there is

honeycombetc.. There are traces of repair, if any, should be

askedto repair reasons, whether it will affect the accuracy

ofembedded embedded parts structure, reinforcing is reserved,

rainwaterpipe tunnel is set up accurately, toilet and other

equipmentis required to set, the hole on the plate reinforced

afterthe closure is not reserved. Is the mortar in the masonry

projectfull?,

Whetherthe strength is enough (can be pulled by hand), how to

layout the masonry, whether it is straight and whether the wall

issmooth or not. Whether the design of masonry structure column

Cha,frame beam of masonry is dense, is set according to the

requirementsof the ring beam. Is the thickness of the mortar

levelinglayer on the wall too thick?. Take a look at each layer

ofconstruction records of the settlement, whether there is too

muchdifference in settlement. What is the increase in

settlementper floor and the difference between the observation

points?.If the difference is too large, first of all, to

increasethe density of the grand view. Construction record,

allkinds of material qualification certificate, strength test

reportof test piece, etc.

Buildingdeformation should be carefully checked, depending on

thedeformation observation results, but also depends on

whetherthe scene deformation cracks

Thelarger cast-in-place plate must see, generally refers to

thethickness of more than 120 of the formwork, if the branch

istoo high, then the thickness of the plate is difficult to

achieve!

Acceptancestage is divided into: 1. pit test trough; 2. steel

concealedacceptance; 3. main acceptance; 4., final acceptance